Abstract
SnCo alloy nanowires were successfully electrodeposited from SnCl2−CoCl2−1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquid without a template. The nanowires were obtained from the molar ratio of 5:40:60 for SnCl2:CoCl2:EMIC at −0.55 V and showed a minimum diameter of about 50 nm and lengths of over 20 μm. The as-fabricated SnCo nanowires were about 70 nm in diameter and featured a Sn/Co weight ratio of 3.85:1, when used as an anode for a Li-ion battery, they presented respective specific capacities of 687 and 678 mAh·g−1 after the first charge and discharge cycle and maintained capacities of about 654 mAh·g−1 after 60 cycles and 539 mAh·g−1 after 80 cycles at a current density of 300 mA·g−1. Both the nanowire structure and presence of elemental Co helped buffer large volume changes in the Sn anode during charging and discharging to a certain extent, thereby improving the cycling performance of the Sn anode.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.M. Tarascon and M. Armand, Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries, Nature, 414(2001), p. 359.
T. Li, J.Y. Yang, and S.G. Lu, Effect of modified elastomeric binders on the electrochemical properties of silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 19(2012), No. 8, p. 752.
T. Huang, Y. Yao, Z. Wei, Z. Liu, and A.S. Yu, Sn-Co-artificial graphite composite as anode material for rechargeable lithium batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 56(2010), No. 1, p. 476.
R. Yang, J. Huang, W. Zhao, W.Z. Lai, X.Z. Zhang, J. Zheng, and X.G. Li, Bubble assisted synthesis of Sn–Sb–Cu alloy hollow nanostructures and their improved lithium storage properties, J. Power Sources, 195(2010), No. 19, p. 6811.
M.J. Lindsay, G.X. Wang, and H.K. Liu, Al-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 119(2003), p. 84.
T. Huang, Y. Yao, Z. Wei, Z. Liu, and A.S. Yu, Sn−Co−artificial graphite composite as anode material for rechargeable lithium batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 56(2010), No. 1, p. 476.
D.H. Nam, R.H. Kim, C.L. Lee, and H. Kwon, Highly reversible Sn−Co alloy anode using porous Cu foam substrate for Li-ion batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 159(2012), No. 11, p. A1822.
J. Hassoun, S. Panero, G. Mulas, and B. Scrosati. An electrochemical investigation of a Sn−Co−C ternary alloy as a negative electrode in Li-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 171(2007), No. 2, p. 928.
J. Hassoun, S. Panero, P. Simon, P.L. Taberna, and B. Scrosati, High-rate, long-life Ni−Sn nanostructured electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, Adv. Mater., 19(2007), No. 12, p. 1632.
N. Tamura, M. Fujimoto, M. Kamino, and S. Fujitani, Mechanical stability of Sn−Co alloy anodes for lithium secondary batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 49(2004), No. 12, p. 1949.
J.Z. Wang, N. Du, H. Zhang, J.X. Yu, and D.R. Yang, Cu−Sn core-shell nanowires arrays as three-dimensional electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115(2011), No. 47, p. 23620.
J. Yi, Y.L. Liu, Y. Wang, X.P. Li, S.J. Hu, and W.S. Li, Synthesis of dandelion-like TiO2 microspheres as anode materials for lithium ion batteries with enhanced rate capacity and cyclic performances, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 19(2012), No. 11, p. 1058.
G. Ferrara, L. Damen, C. Arbizzani, R. Inguanta, S. Piazza, C. Sunseri, and M. Mastragostino, SnCo nanowire array as negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 196(2011), No. 3, p. 1469.
M. Tian, W. Wang, S.H. Lee, Y.C. Lee, and R.G. Yang, Enhancing Ni–Sn nanowire lithium-ion anode performance by tailoring active/inactive material interfaces, J. Power Sources, 196(2011), No. 23, p. 10207.
C.J. Su, Y.T. Hsieh, C.C. Chen, and I.W. Sun, Electrodeposition of aluminum wires from the Lewis acidic AlCl3/trimethylamine hydrochloride ionic liquid without using a template, Electrochem. Commun., 34(2013), p. 170.
J. Szymczak, S. Legeai, S. Diliberto, S. Migot, N. Stein, C. Boulanger, G. Chatel, and M. Draye, Template-free electrodeposition of tellurium nanostructures in a room-temperature ionic liquid, Electrochem. Commun., 24(2012), p. 57.
Y.Q. Chen, H. Wang, and B. Li, Electrodeposition of SmCo alloy nanowires with a large length-diameter ratio from SmCl3−CoCl2−1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid without template, RSC Adv., 5(2015), No. 49, p. 39620.
G. Chen, Y.Q. Chen, Q.J. Guo, H. Wang, and B. Li, Template-free electrodeposition of AlFe alloy nanowires from a room-temperature ionic liquid as an anode material for Li-ion batteries, Faraday Discuss., 190(2016), p. 97.
Y.T. Hsieh and I.W. Sun, Electrochemical growth of hierarchical CuSn nanobrushes from an ionic liquid, Electrochem. Commun., 13(2011), No. 12, p. 1510.
S.I. Lee, S. Yoon, C.M. Park, J.M. Lee, H. Kim, D. Im, S.G. Doo, and H.J. Sohn, Reaction mechanism and electrochemical characterization of a Sn−Co−C composite anode for Li-ion batteries, Electrochim. Acta, 54(2009), No. 2, p. 364.
J.C. He, H.L. Zhao, M.W. Wang, and X.D. Jia, Preparation and characterization of Co−Sn−C anodes for lithium-ion batteries, Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 171(2010), No. 1–3, p. 35.
M.Z. Xue and Z.W. Fu, Electrochemical reactions of lithium with transition metal stannides, Solid State Ionics, 177(2006), No. 17–18, p. 1501.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51474107) and the Opening Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Common Associated Non-ferrous Metal Resources Pressure Hydrometallurgy Technology (No. yy2016008).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Lp., Chen, G., Shen, Qx. et al. Direct electrodeposition of ionic liquid-based template-free SnCo alloy nanowires as an anode for Li-ion batteries. Int J Miner Metall Mater 25, 1027–1034 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1653-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1653-0