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Simulation of three-phase flow and lance height effect on the cavity shape

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Abstract

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate a 150-t top-blown converter. The effect of different lance heights on the cavity shape was investigated using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Numerical simulation results can reflect the actual molten bath surface waves impinged by the supersonic oxygen jets. With increasing lance height, the cavity depth decreases, and the cavity area, varying like a parabola, increases and then decreases. The cavity area maximizes at the lance height of 1.3 m. Under the three different lance heights simulated in this study, all of the largest impact velocities at the molten bath surface are between 50 m/s and 100 m/s.

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Abbreviations

c p :

Heat capacity

d t :

Throat diameter

f σ :

Surface tension force per unit volume

\(\vec g\) :

Vector of gravitational acceleration

h :

Cavity depth formed by the impinging gas

H :

Lance height

M :

Molecular weight

P :

Pressure of gas

P amb :

Ambient pressure

P 0 :

Oxygen stagnation pressure

R :

Gas constant

T :

Temperature

\(\vec u\) :

Velocity vector

x :

Distance of the smallest control volume

α :

Volume fraction

ɛ :

Turbulence dissipation

κ:

Turbulence kinetic energy

µ:

Molecular viscosity

µe :

Effective molecular viscosity

µt :

Turbulent eddy molecular viscosity

θ :

Inclination angle of lance nozzles

ρ :

Density

τ :

Time

l:

Molten liquid

g:

Gas

i, j :

i and j direction in the axis, respectively

ox, st, sl:

Oxygen, steel, slag, respectively

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Kai Dong

  2. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Rong Zhu & Fu-hai Liu

  3. Beijing Shougang Design Institute, Beijing, 100043, China

    Wei Gao

Authors
  1. Kai Dong
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  2. Rong Zhu
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  3. Wei Gao
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  4. Fu-hai Liu
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Correspondence to Rong Zhu.

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Dong, K., Zhu, R., Gao, W. et al. Simulation of three-phase flow and lance height effect on the cavity shape. Int J Miner Metall Mater 21, 523–530 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-014-0938-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-014-0938-1

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