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3D CFD Model of Ladle Heat Transfer With Gas Injection

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Abstract

A fully transient 3D CFD model of an industrial argon bottom-stirred ladle with two eccentric porous plugs was developed. The computational domain included molten steel, slag, air and refractory phases. The slag-air interface was set as a free surface to ensure that the influence of the flow and the heat dissipation at the slag free surface on the temperature of the molten steel can be considered simultaneously. As a result, the model reasonably predicted the velocity and temperature distribution of molten steel, heat losses from the top slag layer and the temperature distribution in the refractory walls due to bottom gas injection. Previous numerical models on heat transfer in ladles have either neglected bottom gas injection, assumed a constant heat flux through the top slag layer or assumed a flat surface. The current mathematical model overcomes the previous limitations, it is capable to predict fluid flow and temperature distribution under transient conditions comparing a flat and a free surface. It is shown that the assumption of a flat surface leads to errors in the numerical predictions, it also predicts heat losses by the top slag surface and the refractory walls.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for support from the Fundamental Research Funds (Grant No. 06500108) from the University of Science and Technology Beijing, China. We also want to acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their criticism which helped to improve the final version of this manuscript.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, 100083, P.R. China

    Kaijun Niu, Weihang Feng, Alberto N. Conejo & Han Yan

  2. School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Edificio D, Primer Piso, Circuito de los institutos s/n, Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Marco A. Ramírez-Argáez

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  1. Kaijun Niu
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  2. Weihang Feng
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Correspondence to Alberto N. Conejo.

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Niu, K., Feng, W., Conejo, A.N. et al. 3D CFD Model of Ladle Heat Transfer With Gas Injection. Metall Mater Trans B 54, 2066–2079 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-023-02816-2

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