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DXA-Rectified Appendicular Lean Mass: Development of Ultrasound Prediction Models in Older Adults

  • Published:
The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Objective

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived appendicular lean soft tissue mass (aLM) is used to diagnose sarcopenia. However, DXA-derived aLM includes non-skeletal muscle components, such as fat-free component of adipose tissue fat cell. These components, if not accounted for, could falsely inflate the aLM in individuals with a high amount of adipose tissue mass. B-mode ultrasound accurately measures muscle size in older adults. We sought to develop regression-based prediction equations for estimating DXA-rectified appendicular lean tissue mass (i.e. DXA-derived aLM minus appendicular fat-free adipose tissue (aFFAT); abbreviated as aLM minus aFFAT) using B-mode ultrasound.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Measurements

Three hundred and eighty-nine Japanese older adults (aged 60 to 79 years) volunteered in the study. aLM was measured using a DXA, and muscle thickness (MT) was measured using ultrasound at nine sites. An ordinary least-squares multiple linear regression model was used to predict aLM minus aFFAT from sex, age and varying muscle thicknesses multiplied by height. Based on previous studies, we chose to use 4 MT sites at the upper and lower extremities (4-site MT model) and a single site (1-site MT model) at the upper extremity to develop prediction models.

Results

The linear prediction models (4 site MT model; R2 = 0.902, adjusted R2 = 0.899, and 1-site MT model; R2 = 0.868, adjusted R2 = 0.866) were found to be stable and accurate for estimating aLM minus aFFAT. Bootstrapping (n=1000) resulted in optimism values of 0.0062 (4-site MT model) and 0.0036 (1-site MT model).

Conclusion

The results indicated that ultrasound MT combined with height, age and sex can be used to accurately estimate aLM minus aFFAT in older Japanese adults. Newly developed ultrasound prediction equations to estimate aLM minus aFFAT may be a valuable tool in population-based studies to assess age-related rectified lean tissue mass loss.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Takashi Abe & J. P. Loenneke

  2. Department of Kinesiology, Texas Wesleyan University, Fort Worth, TX, 76105, USA

    R. S. Thiebaud

  3. Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, 891-2311, Japan

    E. Fujita & T. Akamine

  4. 224 Turner Center, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Takashi Abe

Authors
  1. Takashi Abe
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  2. R. S. Thiebaud
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  3. J. P. Loenneke
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  4. E. Fujita
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  5. T. Akamine
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Correspondence to Takashi Abe.

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Abe, T., Thiebaud, R.S., Loenneke, J.P. et al. DXA-Rectified Appendicular Lean Mass: Development of Ultrasound Prediction Models in Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 22, 1080–1085 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1053-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-018-1053-1

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