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Effect of Lyophilized, Encapsulated Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactulose Feeding on Growth Performance, Heavy Metals, and Trace Element Residues in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Tissues

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Abstract

Heavy metals naturally occur in the environment and are causing great concern all around the world. Accumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues can lead to serious adverse effects in humans when consumed in the amounts exceeding the safe consumption levels. In this study, Lactobacillus fermentum 1744 (ATCC 14931) and lactulose were used in the fish diet in order to investigate their effects on growth performance, intestinal villous morphology, and heavy metals residues. Fishes were randomly allocated into three replicates of five different treatments. The control group received the basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed on the basal diet supplemented with encapsulated and lyophillized probiotic, lactulose (prebiotic) and L. fermentum, and lactulose as synbiotic. All the groups were fed three times daily for a period of 56 days. At the end of growth period, 10 fish per replicate were randomly collected in order to take the samples of the fillet, gills, and liver. Results showed that the encapsulated L. fermentum plus lactulose improve growth performance and exclude absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in rainbow trout liver and gills. The villous height were increased in all the samples except the group 2 fed on the lactulose (p < 0.05).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Sheyda Madreseh, Hamid Reza Ghaisari & Saeid Hosseinzadeh

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  1. Sheyda Madreseh
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  2. Hamid Reza Ghaisari
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  3. Saeid Hosseinzadeh
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Correspondence to Saeid Hosseinzadeh.

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The experiment was carried out at the Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Iran. We approved this experiment done under ethical standards. All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This manuscript has been read and approved by all authors and has not been published, totally or partly, in any other journal.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Madreseh, S., Ghaisari, H.R. & Hosseinzadeh, S. Effect of Lyophilized, Encapsulated Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactulose Feeding on Growth Performance, Heavy Metals, and Trace Element Residues in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Tissues. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 11, 1257–1263 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9487-7

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