Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Use of Two Bifidobacterium Strains Enhanced Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fry

  • Published:
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis PTCC-1631 and Bifidobacterium lactis PTCC-1736 on growth, nutrient digestibility, carcass composition, and intestinal microbiota of Oncorhynchus mykiss fry, which had initial body weights of 0.58 ± 0.19 g. Four iso-nitrogenous diets with probiotics, namely T1 (1 × 107 CFU g−1), T2 (2 × 107 CFU g−1), T3 (3 × 107 CFU g−1), and control without probiotics were obtained. Total 480 fish were randomly divided in four treatments (three experimental treatments and a control), each with 4 replicates including 16 tanks each filled with 15 L−1 of water (water exchange rate of 2 L min−1 and aerated with air stone) with a density of 2 fry L−1. The water mean temperature was 17.66 ± 1.33 °C, and the mean pH value was 7.63 ± 0.08. After eight weeks of the experiment T1 that fed with a diet contained the lowest bacterial concentration showed higher growth, nutrient utilization, digestibility, and lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) in comparison with T2, T3, and the control. Also, the highest count of lactobacillus bacteria was observed in T1 that was fed with a diet containing the lowest probiotic. The lowest concentration of Bifidobacterium strains in this study induced better growth and increased digestion and nutrient utilization in trout fry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fuller R (1992) History and development of probiotic In: Probiotic the scientific Basis Champman Hall (ed. by R. Fuller), New York, pp 1-8

  2. Rahimi S, Khaksefidi A (2006) A comparison between the effects of a probiotic (Bioplus 2B) and an antibiotic (virginiamycin) on the performance of broiler chickens under heat stress condition. Iranian J Vet Res 7:23–28

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bagheri T, Hedayati A, Yavari V, Alizade M, Farzanfar A (2008) Growth survival and gut microbial load of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fry given diet supplemented with probiotic during the two months of first feeding. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci 8:43–48

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ghosh K, Sen SK, Ray AK (2002) Characterization of Bacillus isolated from the gut of Rohu labeo rohita fingerlings and its significance in digestion. J Appl Aquac 12:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1300/J028v12n03_04

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Prusty AK, Das P, Paniprasad K, Mohanta KN (2012) Use of different microbial probiotics in the diet of rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings: effects on growth nutrient digestibility and retention digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora. Aquacu Nutr 18:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00866.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sahandi J, Jafaryan H, Roozbehfar R, Babaei S, Dehestani M (2012) The use of two enrichment forms (Brachionus plicatilis enrichment and rearing water enrichment) with probiotic bacilli spore on growth and survival of Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Iran J Vet Res 13(4):289–295

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sahandi J, Jafaryan H, Moradi P, Tadiri C (2013) Effect of in-feed probiotic blend on growth performance and infection resistance of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Bulg J Vet Med 16(4):243–250

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ouwehand AC, Kirjavainen PV, Isolauri E, Salminen SJ (1999) Adhesion of probiotic micro-organisms to intestinal mucus. Int Dairy J 9:623–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sarem-Damerdjii LO, Sarem F, Marchal L, Nicolas JP (1995) In vitro colonization ability of human colon mucosa by exogenous Lactobacillus strains. FEMS Micorbiol Lett 131:133–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07767.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Holzapfel WH, Harberer P, Snel J, Schillinger U, Huisin’tVeld J (1998) Overview of gut flora and probiotics. Int J Food Microbiol 41:85–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00044-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Netherwood T, Gilbert HJ, Parker DS, Donnell AG (1999) Probiotics shown to change bacterial community structure in the avian gastrointestinal tract. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:5134–5138. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2007-00287

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Jack T, Fox GL, Meyerowitz EM (1994) Arabidopsis homeotic gene APETALA3 ectopic expression transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation determines floral organ identity. Cell 76:703–716. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90509-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Reid G, Burton J (2002) Use of lactobacillus to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. Microb Infect 4(3):319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(02)01544-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cabello FC (2006) Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment, Environ Microbiol 8:1137–1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01054.x

  15. Jafaryan H, Azari-Takami Gh, Kamali A, Soltani M, Habibi-Rezaei M (2006) The use of probiotic bacillus bioencapsulated with Artemia urmiana nauplii for the growth and survival in Acipenser persicus alevin, J Agric Sci Nat Res 14:77–87 (In Persian with English abstract)

  16. Gomez-Gill B, Herrera-Vega MA, Aberu-Grobis FA, Roque A (1998) Bioencapsulation of two different Vibrio species in nauplii of the brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana). Appl Environ Microbiol 64:2318–2322

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tacon AGJ, Webster JL, Martinez CA (1984) Use of solvent extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerlings rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Aquaculture 43:381–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90246-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Helland SJ, Grisdale HB, Nerland S (1996) A simple method for the measurement of daily feed intake of groups of fish in tanks. Aquaculture 139:157–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01145-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. De-Silva SS, Anderson TA (1995) Fish nutrition in aquaculture, Chapman & Hall, 2-6 boundary row, London SE1 8HN, UK, pp 318

  20. Dabrowski K, Murai T, Becker K (1986) Physiological and nutritional aspects of intensive feeding of carp. In: Aquaculture of cyprinids (ed. by R. Billard & J. Marcel), INRA, Paris, pp 55–70

  21. Lovell RT (1989) Nutrition and feeding of fish. Van Nostrant-Reinhold, New York, 206 pp

    Book  Google Scholar 

  22. Olvera-Novoa MN, Martinez-Palacios CA, Real-DE-Leon E (1994) Nutrition of fish and crustaceans a laboratory manual document prepared by GCP/RLA/102/ITA project support to regional aquaculture activities in Latin America and the Caribbean, FAO, http://www.fao.org/3/contents/c6167c10-33e2-5807-ac71 157cfadaedaf/AB479E00.htm

  23. AOAC (1990) In: official methods of analyses 15th edition Association of Official Analytical Chemists Inc Arlington VA. (ed. by W. Horwitz), pp. 445. https://archive.org/stream/gov.law.aoac.methods.1.1990/aoac.methods.1.1990_djvu.txt

  24. Bligh EG, Dyer WJ (1959) A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Phys 37:911–917. https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Waché Y, Auffray F, Gatesoupe FJ, Zambonino J, Gayet V, Labbé L, Quentel C (2006) Cross effects of the strain of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rearing conditions on the onset of intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fry. Aquaculture 258:470–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mahios AS, Gatesoupe FJ, Hervi M, Metailler R, Ollevier F (2006) Effect of dietary inulin and oligosaccharides and other prebiotics for weaning turbot Psetta maxima (Linnaeus C 1758). Aquac Int 14:219–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-005-9003-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Yanbo W, Zirong X (2006) Effect of probiotic for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzymes activities. Anim Feed Sci Tech 127:283–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.09.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kesarcodi-Watson A, Kaspar H, Lategan MJ, Gibson L (2008) Probiotics in aquaculture: the need principles and mechanisms of action and screening process. Aquaculture 274:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Farzanfar A (2006) The use of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 48:149–158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2006.00116.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bomba A, Nemcoa R, Gancarc-Ova S, Herich R, Guba P, Mudron-Ova D (2002) Improvement of the probiotic effect of micro-organisms by their combination with maltodextrins fructo-oligosaccharides and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Br J Nutr 88(Suppl1):95–99. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. De-Schrijver R, Ollevier FP (2000) Protein digestion in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and effects of dietary administration of Vibrio proteolyticus. Aquaculture 186(1–2):107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00372-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lara-Flores M, Miguel A, Beatriz E, Lopez-Madrid W (2003) Use of the bacteria Streptococcus faecium, Lactobacillus acidophilus and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as growth promoters in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 216:193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00277-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. MacFarlane GT, Cummings JH (1991) The colonic flora fermentation and large bowel digestive function In: The Large Intestine. Physiology Pathophysiology and Disease (ed. by S.F. Phillips. J.H. Pemberton. R.G. Shorter) Raven Press Ltd, New York, pp 51-92

  34. Schell M, Karmirantzou M, Snels B, Vilanova D, Derger B, Pessi G, Zwahlen MC, Desiere F, Borks P, Delley M, Pridmore RD, Arigoni F (2002) The genome sequence of Bifidobacterium longum reflects its adaptation to the human gastrointestinal tract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(22):14422–14427. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.212527599

  35. NRC (1983) Nutrition requirement of warm water fishes and shellfishes National Academy of Science, Washington DC, USA. http://www.nap.edu

  36. Vine NG, Leukes WD, Kaiser H (2006) Probiotics in marine larviculture. FEMS Microbiol Rev 30:404–427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00017.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gram L, Melchiorsen J, Spanggaard B, Huber I, Nielsen TF (1999) Inhibition of Vibrio anguillarum by Pseudomonas fluorescens AH2 a possible probiotic treatment of fish. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:969–973

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Hooper LV, Wong MH, Thelin A, Hansson L, Falk PG, Gordon JI (2001) Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationship in the intestine. Science 291:881–884. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5505.881

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ouwehand AC, Isolauri E, Kirjavainen PV, Tölkkö S, Salminen SJ (2000) The mucus binding of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 is enhanced in the presence of Lactobacillus GG and Lact delbrueckii sub sp bulgaricus. Lett Appl Microbiol 30:10–13. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2000.00590.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Kapetanovic D, Kurtovic B, Teskeredzic E (2015) Differences in bacterial population in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbum) fry after transfer from incubator to pools. Food Technol Biotechnol 43(2):189–193

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ghomi MR, Heshmatipour Z, Nazari RM, Sohrabnejad M, Zarei M, Nikoo M, Ovissipour M, Esmaeili-Molla A (2010) Intestinal microflora of Kutum Rutilus frisii kutum under dietary supplementation with probiotic and vitamin C. Bulg J Agric Sci 16(5):635–642

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful of Prof. Brian Austin for useful comments, and also, thank all employees of GKU especially Dr. Bayat-Kohsar director of laboratories and experts Mr. Jafarzadeh, Mr. Hosseini, and Mrs. Saravani for providing all the necessary facilities. This work was carried out as the master course thesis at Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad-e Kavous, Iran

    Javad Sahandi & Hojatollah Jafaryan

  2. Department of Marine Environmental and Ecological Science, College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

    Javad Sahandi

  3. Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Disease, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Soltani

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran

    Pouneh Ebrahimi

Authors
  1. Javad Sahandi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hojatollah Jafaryan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mehdi Soltani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Pouneh Ebrahimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Javad Sahandi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All applicable international, national, and guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sahandi, J., Jafaryan, H., Soltani, M. et al. The Use of Two Bifidobacterium Strains Enhanced Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fry. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 11, 966–972 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9455-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9455-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation