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Introducing a cut-stem inoculation method for fast evaluation of sunflower resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina

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Abstract

The fast adaptation to different growing conditions of a fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, led to its becoming one of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) disease causal agents in regions with a temperate climate. Methods currently used to determine sunflower resistance require laborious manual inoculation and confirmation of pathogen appearance, due to the late stage of testing. The paper proposes a cut-stem method for inoculating sunflower plants in the controlled conditions and the possibility of early-stage disease evaluation. A set of 15 sunflower inbred lines was inoculated using M. phaselolina isolate in the growth chamber and the obtained data were analysed using Cut-stem Disease Severity (CSDS) and compared with disease severity obtained from field experiments using traditional inoculation methods (toothpick, Unwounded Stem Base Inoculation (USBI) and non-inoculated plants). The results showed that, based on CSDS, inbred lines infected with the cut-stem inoculation method significantly differed regarding resistance to M. phaseolina. None of the inbred lines exhibited complete resistance but three lines could be proposed as a source of resistance to this pathogen. Ranking of inbred lines which was based on resistance to M.phaseolina was similar in all inoculation methods and in non-inoculated plants. There were highly significant correlations between the values obtained from growth chamber experiment and disease severity scores from field evaluations. Thus, the obtained results indicate that the cut-stem method could potentially complement field testing methods and be valuable tool in sunflower breeding for resistance to M. phaseolina.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Sonja Đukić for the help with correction of English grammar and language of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, through IDEAS project, grant number #7732457, Creating climate smart sunflower for future challenges – SmartSun, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, grant number: 451–03-68/2020–14/200032 and Center of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate Resilient Crops—Climate Crops, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia.

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  1. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Nemanja Ćuk, Sandra Cvejić, Dragana Miladinović, Brankica Babec, Siniša Jocić & Boško Dedić

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Velimir Mladenov

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  1. Nemanja Ćuk
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design “Conceptualization, S.C. and V.M.; methodology, B.D.; software, N.Ć.; validation, S.C., B.D. and V.M.; formal analysis, N.Ć.; investigation, N.Ć., B.B; resources, S.J., V.M; data curation, N.Ć.; writing—original draft preparation, N.Ć and B.B.; writing—review and editing, N.Ć, and S.C.; visualization, B.B.; supervision, D.M.; project administration, D.M.; funding acquisition, V.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Ćuk, N., Cvejić, S., Mladenov, V. et al. Introducing a cut-stem inoculation method for fast evaluation of sunflower resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Phytoparasitica 50, 775–788 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12600-022-01015-0

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