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Carbon nanofibers embedded with Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles via electrospinning as lightweight high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers

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Abstract

As a lot of electromagnetic pollution and interference issues have emerged, to overcome electromagnetic interference, prevent electromagnetic hazards, and develop new high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers have become a significant task in the field of materials science. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanofibers network with core–shell structure, embedded with varied molar ratios of iron and cobalt (4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, 0:4), was effectively synthesized (Fe/Co@C-CNFs) via electrospinning. The phase, microstructure, magnetic and EMW absorption properties were studied. It is discovered that Fe/Co@C-CNFs doped with iron: cobalt = 1:1 have excellent EMW absorption capacity. When the matching thickness is 1.08 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL) value is − 18.66 dB, while the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches 4.2 GHz (13.9–18 GHz) at a thickness of 1.22 mm. This is owing to the absorbers' superior impedance matching and multiple reflections as well as the conductivity, dielectric, and magnetic losses of carbon nanofibers embedded with Fe–Co alloy particles. In addition, the radar cross section (RCS) of the absorbers has been calculated by CST Studio Suite, showing that the absorbing coating can effectively reduce the RCS at various angles, especially for Fe/Co@C-CNFs doped with iron:cobalt = 1:1. These findings not only provide new insights for the preparation of lightweight and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers, but also contribute to energy storage and conversion.

Graphical abstract

摘要

随着大量电磁污染和干扰问题的出现，克服电磁干扰，防止电磁危害，开发新型高性能电磁波吸收剂已成为材料科学领域的重要任务。在本文中，通过静电纺丝技术有效地合成了具有核壳结构的三维碳纳米纤维网络（Fe/Co@C-CNFs），其中嵌入了不同摩尔比的铁和钴(4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, 0:4)，并对其物相、微观结构、磁性和电磁波吸收性能进行了研究。研究发现，按照铁钴比为1：1掺杂的Fe/Co@C-CNFs具有更优异的电磁波吸收能力。当匹配厚度为1.08 mm时，最小反射损耗为-18.66 dB，而最大有效吸收带宽在厚度为1.22 mm时达到4.2 GHz (13.9-18 GHz)。这归因于吸波剂优异的阻抗匹配和多重反射以及嵌入Fe-Co合金颗粒的碳纳米纤维的导电、介电和磁损耗。此外，通过CST Studio Suite计算了吸波剂的雷达散射截面(RCS)，表明吸波涂层可以有效地降低各个角度的RCS，尤其是掺杂铁钴比例为1：1的Fe/Co@C-CNFs。这些发现不仅为制备轻质高性能的电磁波吸收剂提供了新的见解，而且有助于能量存储和转换的研究。

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52272117), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2022YFB3505104 and 2022YFB3706604) and the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (No. 2022TSGC2322). The authors would like to thank Shiyanjia Lab (www.shiyanjia.com) for the support of TEM/HRTEM/SAED tests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China

    Wen-Jun Cai, Zi-Dong Zhang, Zi-Xuan Liu, Lu-Jie Zhang & Zhen-Kun Long

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China

    Wen-Jun Cai, Zi-Dong Zhang, Zi-Xuan Liu, Lu-Jie Zhang & Zhen-Kun Long

  3. Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China

    Jian-Guo Jiang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China

    Ke Bi

Authors
  1. Wen-Jun Cai
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  2. Jian-Guo Jiang
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  3. Zi-Dong Zhang
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  4. Zi-Xuan Liu
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  5. Lu-Jie Zhang
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  6. Zhen-Kun Long
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  7. Ke Bi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zi-Dong Zhang.

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Cai, WJ., Jiang, JG., Zhang, ZD. et al. Carbon nanofibers embedded with Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles via electrospinning as lightweight high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers. Rare Met. 43, 2769–2783 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02592-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02592-7

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