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A direct electrochemical biosensor for rapid glucose detection based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages

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Abstract

Given the increasing number of diabetic patients, rapid and accurate detection of glucose in body fluids is critical. This study developed a direct electrochemical biosensor for glucose based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (NCNCs). NCNCs possess a large specific surface area of 1395 m2·g−1, a high N atomic content of 9.37% and good biocompatibility, which is favorable for enzyme loading and electron transfer. The surface average concentration of electroactive glucose oxidase on NCNCs was 2.82 × 10–10 mol·cm−2. The NCNC-based direct electrochemical biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 13.7 μA·(mmol·L−1)−1·cm−2, rapid response time of 5 s and an impressive electron-transfer-rate constant (ks) of 1.87 s−1. Furthermore, we investigated an NCNC-based direct electron transfer (DET) biosensor for sweat glucose detection, which demonstrated tremendous promise for non-invasive wearable diabetes diagnosis.

Graphical abstract

摘要

随着糖尿病患者数量不断增加，快速、准确地检测体液中葡萄糖含量变得至关重要。本研究开发了一种基于氮掺杂碳纳米笼(NCNCs)的直接电化学葡萄糖生物传感器。该传感器的界面修饰材料NCNCs具有大比表面积（1395 m2·g−1）和高含N量（9.37%），同时具备良好的生物相容性，这些结构和特性有利于酶的高密度负载和电子的快速传递。其中，NCNCs表面电活性葡萄糖氧化酶的平均浓度为2.82 × 10−10 mol·cm−2。基于NCNC的直接电化学生物传感器在葡萄糖检测中表现出高灵敏度（13.7 μA·(mmol·L−1)−1·cm−2）、快速响应（5 s）和较小的电子传递速率常数(ks，1.87 s−1)。我们将基于NCNCs的直接电化学生物传感器成功用于汗液葡萄糖的检测，表明基于NCNCs的直接电化学传感器在无创可穿戴式糖尿病诊断方面具有很好的应用前景。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2021YFA1401103) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61825403, 61921005 and 61904049).

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  1. Lan-Lan Li and Yu Zhao have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Lan-Lan Li

  2. School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Yu Zhao, Li-Jia Pan & Yi Shi

  3. Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong kong, 999077, China

    Jian-Bin Xu

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Li, LL., Zhao, Y., Pan, LJ. et al. A direct electrochemical biosensor for rapid glucose detection based on nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages. Rare Met. 43, 2184–2192 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02579-4

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