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Heterostructure: application of absorption-catalytic center in lithium–sulfur batteries

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Abstract

Due to the high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh·g–1), low cost, and high safety of the sulfur cathodes, they are expected to be one of the most promising rivals for a new generation of energy storage systems. However, the shuttle effect, low conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products, volume expansion, and other factors hinder the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). The development of sulfur-fixing materials and the design of multifunctional materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of LSBs have been the main research priorities in recent years. Because of the advantages of high conductivity, built-in electric field, and good synergism, more and more researchers have employed heterostructure into sulfur-fixing materials to enhance the catalytic and absorption ability for polysulfides. In this review, the principle of heterostructure and the mechanism of enhancing the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries are described. The applications of heterostructure in cathode and interlayer of LSBs in the latest years are summarized. Finally, the cutting-edge troubles and possibilities of heterostructures in LSBs are briefly presented.

摘要

锂硫电池 (LSBs) 由于硫正极的高理论比容量 (1675 mAh·g–1), 成本低, 安全性高等优势, 有望成为新一代最有前途的储能系统之一. 然而, 穿梭效应, 硫及其放电产物的绝缘性, 体积膨胀等因素阻碍了LSBs的商业化进程. 开发固硫材料和设计多功能材料以提高LSBs的电化学性能, 是近年来的主要研究重点. 异质结构因具有高导电性, 内建电场和良好的协同作用等优点, 越来越多的研究人员将其引入到固硫材料中, 以增强固硫材料对多硫化物的吸附和催化能力. 在这篇综述中, 描述了异质结构的原理和增强锂硫电池性能的机制. 总结了近几年异质结构在LSBs正极和隔膜中的应用. 最后, 简要地提出了异质结构在LSBs中的前沿问题和可能性.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [24]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier B.V. Enhanced ion transport. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons. Increased electrical conductivity. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [26]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. Strong adsorption ability. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society

Fig. 3

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [25]. Copyright 2020, John Wiley & Sons. b Long-term cycle performance of GCF-G@Mo2C positive electrode at 1C ratio. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [30]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier B.V. c Schematic diagram of TiO2-graphene heterostructure synthesis and electrochemical performance. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [32]. Copyright 2016, John Wiley & Sons. d Schematic illustration of fabrication processes of VO2@rGO/S product. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [26]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. b Long cycle and rate performance diagram of 3DG/TM and contrast materials. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. c Schematic diagram of polysulfide reaction to Ni-MoS2/rGO during charge and discharge. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. d Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of ReS2@NG heterojunction surface. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [38]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier B.V. e Schematic diagram of NbN-NW@C preparation process and XRD diagram of intermediates and NbN-NW@C-X (X represents glucose content) after each step. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society. f Synthetic schematic diagram of 3DCo5.47N/Fe3N@N-CNT/S composites. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [24]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier B.V

Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. b Synergetic catalytic transformation of polysulfides by ZnSe@CoSe2/C@CC heterostructure during discharge. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [46]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier B.V. c Preparation diagram of S-CoS2-TiO2@C electrode material and reaction diagram during charge and discharge. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [47]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier B.V. d Trapping on PP diaphragm composed of core–shell Fe9S10/Fe3O4@C heterostructure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [48]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. e Catalytic functional intermediate layer schematic diagram of synthesis process of EBP/EGr@S materials. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [51]. Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons. f LiPSs captured by TOS/MX/TOS intermediate layer, schematic diagram of diffusion and transformation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2022, Royal Society of Chemistry. g Schematic diagram of synthesis of MXene@TiO2 nanoarray. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [53]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry. b Long-term cycle performance of MoO3/MoO2-CP-Li2S8 electrode and comparison with other literature studies. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. c AC impedance and corresponding charge transfer resistance of different sandwich batteries during discharge (left) and charge (right). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [68]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. d Preparation diagram of hollow CoxFe3−xO4@S heterostructure and advantage diagram as LSB cathode. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [69]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society. e Long cycle performance of lithium–sulfur batteries with H-TiOx@S/PPy cathode at 1C. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [70]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society

Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [71]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier B.V. b Schematic diagram of reaction mechanism of polysulfides with Co9S8@MoS2/CNF electrode. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [72]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society. c Schematic diagram of rapid redox conversion of polysulfides catalyzed by ZnS-FeS heterostructure during discharge/charging. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [73]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry. d Schematic diagram and long cycle performance of polysulfides catalyzed by H-LDH/Co9S8 to promote lithium-ion diffusion and adsorption. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [74]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier B.V. e Schematic diagram of synthesis of S/TiN-VN@CNFs positive electrode and Li/TiN-VN@CNFs negative electrode. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [79]. Copyright 2019, John Wiley & Sons. f Schematic diagram of reaction mechanism of MoN-VN to polysulfides and long cycle performance diagram at 1C rate. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [80]. Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons

Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [81]. Copyright 2019, John Wiley & Sons. b TEM image of TiO2-TiN heterostructure. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [83]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons. c Schematic diagram of synergistic effect of CoSe2/MoS2 heterostructure on long-chain and short-chain polysulfides. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [85]. Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons. d Synthetic route of V2O3-VN@NC nanospheres and V2O3-VN@NC/S hybrids with yolk-shell heterostructure (V-gly is vanadyl glycerolate solid nanospheres, Fc is contraction force and Fa is adhesion force). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [86]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [128]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons. b HRTEM image of Co9S8/Li2S@G. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [129]. Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons. c Schematic illustration of synthesis of Li2S@C and Li2S/Co@C. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [130]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier B.V

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (Nos. 202101BE070001-018 and 202201AT070070).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Fei Wang and Chun-Man Yang have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Materials Preparation Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Batteries Materials of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China

    Fei Wang, Chun-Man Yang, Yong-Qi Wang, Dan You, Wen-Hao Yang, Rong-Wei Huang, Ji-Yue Hou, Qian Wang, Ying-Jie Zhang, Yi-Yong Zhang & Xue Li

  2. College of Electrical Information Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, China

    Ying Wang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China

    Yue-Jing Zeng

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Wang, F., Yang, CM., Wang, YQ. et al. Heterostructure: application of absorption-catalytic center in lithium–sulfur batteries. Rare Met. 43, 1461–1487 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02486-8

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