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NH4PF6 assisted buried interface defect passivation for planar perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 21%

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Abstract

The buried interface defects severely affect the further enhancements of efficiency and stability of SnO2-based planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To well tackle this problem, we propose a passivation strategy employing NH4PF6 to modify the buried interface of perovskite layer ((FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 composition) in planar PSCs. After introducing NH4PF6, the oxygen defects on the surface of SnO2 film are greatly restricted due to the coordinate interaction between fluorine atoms (F) in PF6− and undercoordinated Sn4+. Meanwhile, the hydrogen bonding interaction (N–H⋯I) between NH4PF6 and PbI2 can passivate the non-radiative charge recombination sites, significantly optimizing the quality of perovskite film, as well as the charge transfer process at the SnO2/perovskite interface. As a result, the NH4PF6-modified PSC obtains a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.11% superior to the reference device (18.46%), and the device with an active area of 1 cm2 achieves a PCE as high as 17.38%. Furthermore, the unencapsulated NH4PF6-modified PSCs show good humidity stability and retain about 80% of the initial PCE after 1080 h aging at the relative humidity (RH) of 35% ± 5%.

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摘要

埋藏界面缺陷严重影响了基于 SnO2 的平面钙钛矿太阳能电池效率和稳定性的提高。为了解决这一问题, 我们提出了一种采用 NH4PF6 修饰平面钙钛矿太阳能电池中钙钛矿层((FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 组成)的埋界面的钝化策略。引入NH4PF6后, 由于 PF6– 中的氟原子(F)与欠配位的 Sn4+ 之间的相互作用, 大大限制了 SnO2 薄膜表面的氧缺陷。同时, NH4PF6 与 PbI2 之间的氢键相互作用(N–H⋯I)可以钝化非辐射电荷重组位点, 显著提升了钙钛矿膜的质量, 也改善了 SnO2/钙钛矿界面的电荷转移过程。结果表明, 相比参考器件的18.46%效率, 经过 NH4PF6 修饰的钙钛矿太阳能电池获得了 21.11% 的功率转换效率, 并且在 1 cm2 大面积器件上也获得了 17.38% 的效率。此外, 未封装的 NH4PF6 修饰的钙钛矿太阳能电池具有良好的湿度稳定性, 在相对湿度为 35% ± 5% 的条件下老化 1080 h 后, 仍保持在初始效率的80%左右。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22179053, 22279046 and 21905119), the Natural Science Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Provincial (No. BK20220112) and the Six-Peak Top Talents in Jiangsu province (No. XNY066).

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  1. Institute for Energy Research, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Xing-Dong Ding, Xiao-Wen Zhou, Jin-Wei Meng, Hao-Xin Wang, Cheng Chen & Ming Cheng

  2. Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China

    Tai Wu & Yong Hua

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Ding, XD., Zhou, XW., Meng, JW. et al. NH4PF6 assisted buried interface defect passivation for planar perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 21%. Rare Met. 42, 3399–3409 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02394-x

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