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Ferrite-based composites and morphology-controlled absorbers

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Abstract

The exploration of lightweight and efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials is a crucial focus topic because the human body and precision instruments are exposed to the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution. Ferrite, as the first type of EMW absorption material, is still the indelible superstar in the EMW absorption field due to its unique double loss mechanism, controllable morphology and high permeability. This review briefly introduces the EMW absorption and attenuation mechanism of ferrite-based composite absorbers, including dielectric loss dominated by charge transfer and polarization relaxation, and magnetic loss consisted of eddy current and resonance. Moreover, we comb the advances in synthesis of ferrite materials. In particular, this paper summarizes the advantages and defects of pure ferrite as EMW absorption material. And the approach to tackling the imbalance of impedance matching and high-density in ferrite is also reviewed, including ion substitution, design of micro-morphology and doping with dielectric loss materials.

Graphical Abstract

摘要

人体和精密仪器长期暴露在日益增长的电磁污染中受到了严重威胁, 因此探索轻质高效的 电磁波吸收材料成为了当代社会研究的热点课题。铁氧体作为最早被研究的一类电磁波吸收 材料, 由于其独特的双损耗机制, 可控的形貌以及高磁导率, 成为了电磁波吸收领域不可泯 灭的巨星。本文简要介绍了铁氧体基复合吸波材料的电磁波吸收和衰减机理, 包括以传导损 耗和极化弛豫为主的介电损耗, 以及由涡流和共振组成的磁损耗。此外, 我们还梳理了铁氧 体材料合成方面的进展, 总结了纯铁氧体作为电磁波吸收材料的优势及缺陷。特别地, 本文 综述了铁氧体中高密度和阻抗匹配失衡的解决方法, 其中包括离子替代、微观形貌设计和介 质损耗材料掺杂等。

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Fig. 1

Copyright 2020, Elsevier; dipole polarization and interface polarization from Ref. [29]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier; eddy current loss and natural resonance from Ref. [30]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier. Synthesis techniques of ferrite-based EMWA materials: oxide method from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; chemistry co-precipitation from Ref. [32]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; hydrothermal from Ref. [29]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. Some representative ferrite-based EMW absorbers in this review: Ni0.5Cr0.5Fe2O4 from Refs. [33]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier; Ni0.5Zn0.5Nd0.02Fe1.98O4 from Refs. [34]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier; SrFe12O19 hollow fiber from Refs. [35]. Copyright 2018, Springer; Fe3O4 porous flake from Refs. [36]. Copyright 2018, Iop Publishing Ltd; Fe3O4/PEDOT from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society; C/CoFe2O4 from Ref. [38]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; Fe3O4/MXene from Ref. [39]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; TiO2/Ti3CTx/Fe3O4-x from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier

Fig. 2

Reproduced with permission from a Ref. [55]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; b Ref. [56]. Copyright 2016, Journal Mater Sci Technol; c Ref. [57]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier; d Ref. [58]. Copyright 2018, Tsinghua Univ Press

Fig. 3

Copyright 2021, Elsevier; chemistry co-precipitation from Ref. [32]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; hydrothermal from Ref. [29] Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [34]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. j high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) image and k electromagnetic absorption performance of Ni0.5Cr0.5Fe2O4. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 5

Copyright 2010, Elsevier; b Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 fiber from Ref. [118]. Copyright 2018, Springer; c Fe3O4 flake from Ref. [119]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier; d Fe3O4 hollow sphere from Ref. [120]. Copyright 2019, MDPI; e SrFe12O19 hollow fiber from Ref. [35]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier; f Fe3O4 porous sheet from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2018, Iop Publishing Ltd

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [129]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. f Reflection loss of Fe3O4@PEDOT. TEM images of Fe3O4@PEDOT prepared with different (EDOT)/(Fe3O4) ratios: g 10:1, h 20:1, and i 50:1. j Attenuation mechanism of Fe3O4@PEDOT, where PVA is polyvinylalcohol, p-TSA is p-toluenesulfonic, EDOT is 3,4-ethoxylenedioxythiophene, APS is ammonium persulfate, PEDOT is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society

Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [130]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society

Fig. 8

Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society; f SAED pattern of LZC@MWCNT, g TEM images of LZC@MWCNT, h reflection loss of LZC@MWCNT from Refs. [132]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society

Fig. 9

Copyright 2021, Elsevier

Fig. 10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [39]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier

Fig. 11

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier

Fig. 12

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [134]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier

Fig. 13

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52074227, 51801186 and U1806219) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 310201911cx019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072, China

    Yu Mu, Hong-Sheng Liang, Li-Min Zhang & Hong-Jing Wu

  2. Department of Physics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100037, China

    Zhen-Hui Ma

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  1. Yu Mu
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  2. Zhen-Hui Ma
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Mu, Y., Ma, ZH., Liang, HS. et al. Ferrite-based composites and morphology-controlled absorbers. Rare Met. 41, 2943–2970 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-022-02045-7

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