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Ag/AgX nanostructures serving as antibacterial agents: achievements and challenges

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Abstract

Bacterial infections, especially the frequently emerging “superbugs”, seriously affect the quality of human life and even threaten human health. As the emerging antimicrobial agents that effectively eradicate pathogens, nanomaterials have been widely explored due to their effectiveness against wide-spectrum bacteria and “superbugs”. Of them, Ag/AgX nanostructures (X representing Cl, Br or I) have emerged as an excellent antibacterial agent because of their excellent photocatalytic performance in inactivating pathogens under light irradiation, which provides a new opportunity for the development of high-efficient visible-light driven photocatalytic sterilization. To date, Ag/AgX nanostructures have been widely employed in antibacterial associated fields because they are efficient in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) under visible light irradiation. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of Ag/AgX nanostructures as plasmonic photocatalysts in the antibacterial field, focusing on the antibacterial effects and mechanisms of Ag/AgX nanostructures, as well as their potent applications. Finally, the challenges and prospects of Ag/AgX nanostructures acting as active antibacterial agents were discussed.

Graphical abstract

摘要

细菌感染, 尤其是频繁出现的 “超级细菌”, 严重影响人类生活质量, 甚至威胁人类健康。纳米材料作为一种新兴的、能够有效根除病原体的抗菌剂, 对广谱细菌和 “超级细菌”的有效作用被广泛研究。其中, Ag/AgX纳米结构(X代表Cl,Br或I)在光照下具有优异光催化性能而灭活病原体, 成为一种优良的抗菌剂, 为开发高效可见光驱动的光催化杀菌技术提供了新的契机。迄今为止, Ag/AgX 纳米结构因在可见光照射下能有效地产生活性氧 (ROS) 和活性氯 (RCS)已广泛应用于抗菌相关领域。在这篇综述中, 作者总结了 Ag/AgX 纳米结构作为等离子体光催化剂在抗菌领域的最新进展, 重点介绍了 Ag/AgX 纳米结构的抗菌作用和机制, 以及它们的潜在应用。最后, 讨论了Ag/AgX 纳米结构作为活性抗菌剂的挑战和前景。

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Fig. 1

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature B.V. b photocatalytic inactivation processes and charge transfer of the Ag/AgBr-CNTs photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [7]. Copyright 2014, Elsevier. c Schematic illustration of solar-photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli and S. aureus in presence of Ag/AgCl. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [33] Copyright 2019, Elsevier

Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society

Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [16]. Copyright 2020, The Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier

Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [34]. Copyright 2018, The Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [41] Copyright 2019, Elsevier

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [39]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society

Fig. 10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [78]. Copyright 2020, Springer

Fig. 11

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2017, The Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 12

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [62]. Copyright 2020, Springer Nature B.V

Fig. 13

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [87]. Copyright 2009, The Royal Society of Chemistry. b Core–shell Ag/AgCl sphere material. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [85]. Copyright, 2012 Elsevier B.V. c Necklace-like Ag/AgCl. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [84]. Copyright 2014, Wiley–VCH. d Ag@AgCl nanotubes. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [86]. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society

Fig. 14

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [64]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier

Fig. 15

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [94]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society

Fig. 16

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [32]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society

Fig. 17

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [15]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society

Fig. 18

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [107]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier B.V

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21304044, 51663019 and 22062017), the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Nos. 2015MS0520, 2019JQ03 and 2019BS02004), the State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology (Nos. 201603006 and 2018051), the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry (No. 2018-08) and the Program of Higher-Level Talents of Inner Mongolia University (No. 30105-125136).

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  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Dairy Quality and Safety Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China

    Pei-Pei Li, Hai-Xia Wu & Alideertu Dong

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  1. Pei-Pei Li
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Li, PP., Wu, HX. & Dong, A. Ag/AgX nanostructures serving as antibacterial agents: achievements and challenges. Rare Met. 41, 519–539 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01822-0

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