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Phase formation and crystallization of LiMnxFe1−xPO4-C olivine material with different Mn2+ contents fabricated at lower calcination temperatures

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Abstract

LiMnxFe1−xPO4-C cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were synthesized via solid-state method using Li2CO3, MnCO3, NH4H2PO4, FePO4 and sucrose as starting raw materials, followed by high-temperature reduction-annealing. A series of calcination experiments at different temperatures reveal that Mn2+-containing materials exhibit a lower temperature for olivine phase formation, for example LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 olivine phase forms at 275 °C, while manganese-free crystalline LiFePO4 generally forms at the required temperature of 350 °C. Increasing Mn2+ content is found to enhance crystallization degree of LiMnxFe1−xPO4 material prepared at lower calcination temperatures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirm that Mn valence state (+2) remains unchanged up to ~250 °C when calcined in ambient atmosphere. The above-mentioned beneficial effect of manganese on phase formation and crystallization of olivine can be well attributed to the stable nature of Mn2+ and its strong propensity to form olivine phases.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51202014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. R&D center for energy storage and vehicle batteries, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China

    Guan-Wei Liu, Xiang-Jun Zhang, Song Gong, Dan-Ping Jiang, Bing-Xue Liu, Rong Yang & Shi-Gang Lu

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  1. Guan-Wei Liu
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  2. Xiang-Jun Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiang-Jun Zhang.

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Liu, GW., Zhang, XJ., Gong, S. et al. Phase formation and crystallization of LiMnxFe1−xPO4-C olivine material with different Mn2+ contents fabricated at lower calcination temperatures. Rare Met. 41, 3142–3149 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-015-0603-5

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