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Experimental estimation of quality of service parameters at divergent wavelengths and luminous intensities for indoor visible light communication using OOK-NRZ modulation

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Abstract

Visible light communication (VLC) is a short-range optical wireless communication technology that attempts to achieve communication alongside illumination using existing infrastructure in the band of 430–790 THz. One of the crucial research gaps in VLC is the absence of an experimental evaluation of performance metric parameters like zero frequency (DC) channel gain, received power, bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio at divergent wavelengths and luminous intensities for different optical output power levels. The second research gap is the need for an empirical formulation to estimate the BER for a defined data rate and luminous intensity of the light emitting diode (LED). The objective of this experimental work is to bridge the above two research gaps under a realistic illumination setup. The first gap is addressed by analyzing the impact of divergent output optical power levels of LEDs having different values of luminous intensities and wavelength on QoS parameters. The quality of service (QoS) parameters like transmitted optical power, received optical power, DC gain, quality factor and BER are evaluated and analyzed at a data rate of 1.2 Mbps for a maximum distance of 1 m. The work also evaluates the band of forward LED currents in the range of 12–20 mA to achieve a minimum BER of 10−5–10−7 for a maximum distance of 1 m. The second research gap is worked on by proposing a novel mathematical empirical formulation using fifth-order polynomial curve fitting to estimate the bit error rate (BER) by considering factors of luminous intensity and data rate for a maximal distance of 1 m. The empirical formulation is done using Microsoft EXCEL2010® and MATLAB2023®.

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Abbreviations

5G:

Fifth Generation

6G:

Sixth Generation

BER:

Bit Error Rate

CDF:

Cumulative Distribution Function

CIR:

Channel Impulse Response

DC:

Direct Current

IC:

Integrated Circuits

IEEE:

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

LEDs:

Light Emitting Diodes

LOS:

Line of Sight

MGF:

Moment Generating Function

NRZ-OOK:

Non-Return Zero-On Off Keying

PD:

Photo Detectors

PDF:

Probability Distribution Function

PIN:

Positive Intrinsic Negative

PRBS:

Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

Q:

Quality factor

QoS:

Quality of Service

RF:

Radio Frequency

RMS:

Rootmean square

SNR:

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

TIA:

Trans Impedance Amplifier

THz:

Tera Hertz

TTL:

Transistor Transistor Logic

VLC:

Visible Light Communication

V2V:

Vehicle to Vehicle

WDM:

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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Acknowledgements

All authors are sincerely thankful to Dr. Joseph John, Adjunt Professor at the Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay (IIT-B) for providing constant motivation and technical insights toward realizing the complete VLC circuit.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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  1. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, St. Francis Institute of Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Mrinmoyee Mukherjee & Kevin Noronha

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Both authors have endeavored equally toward conceptualization of the paper. Both authors were equally involved in literature exploration, problem formulation and conduction of research. Both authors have scrutinized and consented to the final copy of the manuscript.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 9, 10, 11 and 12.

Table 9 A1: Coefficients Cij to estimate maximum achievable BER for normalized ILED [0–0.436]
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Table 10 A2: Coefficients Cij to estimate maximum achievable BER for normalized ILED [0.44–1]
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Table 11 A3: Coefficients Cij to estimate minimum achievable BER for normalized ILED [0–0.436]
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Table 12 A4: Coefficients Cij to estimate minimum achievable BER for normalized ILED [0.44–1]
Full size table

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Mukherjee, M., Noronha, K. Experimental estimation of quality of service parameters at divergent wavelengths and luminous intensities for indoor visible light communication using OOK-NRZ modulation. J Opt (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01568-1

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