Abstract
Analysis of a coupled microring resonators (CMRR) system made of InGaAsP/InP semiconductor is presented. This analysis exploited the time-domain travelling wave method in order to model the transfer function of the passive CMRR, and incorporated modeling of both passive and active MRRs filters wherein such filters are mostly characterized by their frequency response. Theoretical calculations of the system were performed using Vernier effects analysis, in which the Vernier operation with signal flow graph is a graphical approach for analyzing the intricate photonic circuits mathematically and allows for quick calculation of optical transfer function. Two MRRs, each having a radius of 32 µm, were vertically coupled together and used to generate resonant peaks. Narrow transmission peaks having bandwidths at full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.05 nm, corresponding to 6.24 GHz, were generated. The free spectrum range (FSR) of the pulses was 12 nm, which corresponded to 1.5 THz in the frequency domain. The finesse “F” given by FSR/FWHM was ~240, and the Q-factor obtained, which is the ratio of the resonant wavelength to the 3-dB bandwidth (FWHM), was ~3.1 × 104; such results are indicative of the system having a good performance. The dispersion and group delay of the CMRR has been presented as well.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I.S. Amiri, J. Ali, Generating highly dark-bright solitons by Gaussian beam propagation in a PANDA ring resonator. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. (CTN) 11(4), 1092–1099 (2014)
S.E. Alavi, I.S. Amiri, S.M. Idrus, A.S.M. Supa’at, Generation and wired/wireless transmission of IEEE802.16m signal using solitons generated by microring resonator. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 975–984 (2014)
A. Afroozeh, I.S. Amiri, M.A. Jalil, M. Kouhnavard, J. Ali, P.P. Yupapin, Multi soliton generation for enhance optical communication. Appl. Mech. Mater. 83, 136–140 (2011)
I.S. Amiri, A. Afroozeh, H. Ahmad, Integrated Micro-ring Photonics: Principles and Applications as Slow Light Devices, Soliton Generation and Optical Transmission (CRC Press, Chapman and Hall, 2015)
J.J. Yang, M. Huang, H.W. Ding, F.C. Mao, Surface WGM sensor based on a cylindrical dielectric waveguide. Laser Phys. Lett. 10(1), 015901 (2013)
L.-G. Yang, S.-S. Jyu, C.-W. Chow, C.-H. Yeh, C.-Y. Wong, H.-K. Tsang, Y. Lai, A 110 GHz passive mode-locked fiber laser based on a nonlinear silicon-micro-ring-resonator. Laser Phys. Lett. 11(6), 065101 (2014)
I.S. Amiri, S.E. Alavi, N. Fisal, A.S.M. Supa’at, H. Ahmad, All-optical generation of two IEEE802.11n signals for 2 × 2 MIMO-RoF via MRR system. IEEE Photonics J. 6(6), 1–11 (2014)
Iraj Sadegh Amiri and Harith Ahmad, Optical Soliton Communication Using Ultra-Short Pulses (Springer, New York, 2014)
S.E. Alavi, I.S. Amiri, M.R.K. Soltanian, R. Penny, A.S.M. Supa’at, H. Ahmad, Multiwavelength generation using an add-drop microring resonator integrated with InGaAsP/InP sampled grating distributed feedback (SG-DFB). Chin. Opt. Lett. 14(2), 021301 (2016)
H. Ahmad, M.R.K. Soltanian, I.S. Amiri, S.E. Alavi, A.R. Othman, A.S.M. Supa’at, Carriers generated by mode-locked laser to increase serviceable channels in radio over free space optical systems. IEEE Photonics J. 7(5), 1–12 (2015)
M. Hu, R. An, H. Zhang, Q. Huang, J. Ge, Experimental investigation of a novel microchip laser producing synchronized dual-frequency laser pulse with an 85 GHz interval. Laser Phys. Lett. 10(1), 015801 (2013)
S. Dey and S. Mandal, in Enhancement of Free Spectral Range in Optical Triple Ring Resonator: A Vernier Principle Approach. 2012 1st international conference on recent advances in information technology (RAIT), 2012, pp 246–250
C.K. Madsen, J.H. Zhao, Optical Filter Design and Analysis: A Signal Processing Approach (Wiley, Hoboken, 1999)
O. Schwelb, Generalized analysis for a class of linear interferometric networks. I. Analysis. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 46(10), 1399–1408 (1998)
J. Capmany, M.A. Muriel, A new transfer matrix formalism for the analysis of fiber ring resonators: compound coupled structures for FDMA demultiplexing. J. Lightw. Technol. 8(12), 1904–1919 (1990)
B. Moslehi, J.W. Goodman, M. Tur, H.J. Shaw, Fiber-optic lattice signal processing. Proc. IEEE 72(7), 909–930 (1984)
M. Soltanian, I.S. Amiri, S.E. Alavi, H. Ahmad, All optical ultra-wideband signal generation and transmission using mode-locked laser incorporated with add-drop microring resonator (MRR). Laser Phys. Lett. 12(6), 065105 (2015)
I. Amiri, S. Alavi, M. Soltanian, H. Ahmad, N. Fisal, A.S.M. Supa’at, Experimental measurement of fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) transmission via multi mode locked solitons from a ring laser EDF cavity. IEEE Photonics J. 7(2), 1–9 (2015)
M.M. Nasir, Z. Yusoff, M. Al-Mansoori, H.A. Rashid, P. Choudhury, Broadly tunable multi-wavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser in a Fabry-Perot cavity. Laser Phys. Lett. 5(11), 812 (2008)
Y. Kim, B. Chun, Y. Kim, S. Hyun, S. Kim, Generation of optical frequencies out of the frequency comb of a femtosecond laser for DWDM telecommunication. Laser Phys. Lett. 7(7), 522 (2010)
I.S. Amiri, S.E. Alavi, H. Ahmad, A.S.M. Supa’at, N. Fisal, Numerical computation of solitonic pulse generation for terabit/sec data transmission. Opt. Quant. Electron. 47(7), 1765–1777 (2014)
P. Yupapin, C. Teeka, M. A. Jalil, and J. Ali, Nanoscale Nonlinear Panda Ring Resonator: Science Pub Incorporated, 2012
G.P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Second edn. (Academic Press, Cambridge, 1995)
I.S. Amiri, M.R.K. Soltanian, S.E. Alavi, A.R. Othman, M.Z.A Razak, H. Ahmad, Microring resonator for transmission of solitons via wired/wireless optical communication. J. Opt. (2015)
I.S. Amiri, S.E. Alavi, M.R.K. Soltanian, N. Fisal, A.S.M. Supa’at, H. Ahmad, Increment of access points in integrated system of wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network radio over fiber. Sci. Rep. 5, 11897 (2015)
K. Oda, N. Takato, H. Toba, A wide-FSR waveguide double-ring resonator for optical FDM transmission systems. J. Lightw. Technol. 9(6), 728–736 (1991)
C. Yeh, C. Chow, Y. Wu, Y. Lin, B. Cheng, J. Chen, Using optimal cavity loss and saturable-absorber passive filter for stable and tunable dual-wavelength erbium fiber laser in single-longitudinal-mode operation. Laser Phys. Lett. 8(9), 672 (2011)
S. Suzuki, K. Oda, Y. Hibino, Integrated-optic double-ring resonators with a wide free spectral range of 100 GHz. J. Lightw. Technol. 13(8), 1766–1771 (1995)
M. Bahadoran, J. Ali, P.P. Yupapin, Graphical approach for nonlinear optical switching by PANDA vernier filter. Photon. Technol. Lett. IEEE 25(15), 1470–1473 (2013)
S. Mandal, K. Dasgupta, T. Basak, S. Ghosh, A generalized approach for modeling and analysis of ring-resonator performance as optical filter. Opt. Commun. 264(1), 97–104 (2006)
I.S. Amiri, S. Alavi, M. Soltanian, R. Penny, A. Supa’at, N. Fisal, H. Ahmad, 2 × 2 MIMO-OFDM-RoF generation and transmission of double V-band signals using microring resonator system. Opt. Quantum Electron. (2015)
S.E. Alavi, I.S. Amiri, H. Ahmad, A.S.M. Supa’at, N. Fisal, Generation and transmission of 3 × 3 W-Band MIMO-OFDM-RoF signals using micro-ring resonators. Appl. Opt. 53(34), 8049–8054 (2014)
I.S. Amiri, J. Ali, Data signal processing via a manchester coding-decoding method using chaotic signals generated by a PANDA ring resonator. Chin. Opt. Lett. 11(4), 041901 (2013)
S.B. Dey, S. Mandal, N. Jana, Quadruple optical ring resonator based filter on silicon-on-insulator. Optik Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124(17), 2920–2927 (2013)
C. Sirawattananon, M. Bahadoran, J. Ali, S. Mitatha, P.P. Yupapin, Analytical vernier effects of a PANDA ring resonator for microforce sensing application. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 11(4), 707–712 (2012)
M. Bahadoran, J. Ali, P.P. Yupapin, Ultrafast all-optical switching using signal flow graph for PANDA resonator. Appl. Opt. 52(12), 2866–2873 (2013)
D.G. Rabus, Z. Bian, A. Shakouri, A GaInAsP-InP double-ring resonator coupled laser. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 17(9), 1770 (2005)
M. Bahadoran, A.F.A. Noorden, K. Chaudhary, M.S. Aziz, J. Ali, P. Yupapin, Nano force sensing using symmetric double stage micro resonator. Measurement 58, 215–220 (2014)
I.S. Amiri, S.E. Alavi, S.M. Idrus, A. Nikoukar, J. Ali, IEEE 802.15.3c WPAN standard using millimeter optical soliton pulse generated by a panda ring resonator. IEEE Photonics J. 5(5), 7901912 (2013)
I.S. Amiri, J. Ali, Optical quantum generation and transmission of 57–61 GHz frequency band using an optical fiber optics. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. (JCTN) 11(10), 2130–2135 (2014)
D. G. Rabus, Realization of Optical Filters Using Ring Resonators with Integrated Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers in GaInAsP/InP, Universitätsbibliothek, 2002
Iraj Sadegh Amiri and Abdolkarim Afroozeh, Ring Resonator Systems to Perform the Optical Communication Enhancement Using Soliton (Springer, USA, 2014)
M.R.K. Soltanian, I.S. Amiri, W.Y. Chong, S.E. Alavi, H. Ahmad, Stable dual-wavelength coherent source with tunable wavelength spacing generated by spectral slicing a mode-locked laser using microring resonator. IEEE Photonics J. 7(6), 1–11 (2015)
I.S. Amiri, M.R.K. Soltanian, S.E. Alavi, H. Ahmad, Multi wavelength mode-lock soliton generation using fiber laser loop coupled to an add-drop ring resonator. Opt. Quant. Electron. 47(8), 2455–2464 (2015)
I.S. Amiri, P. Naraei, J. Ali, Review and theory of optical soliton generation used to improve the security and high capacity of MRR and NRR passive systems. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. (JCTN) 11(9), 1875–1886 (2014)
D. Chen, H. Fu, S. He, Novel microwave photonic filter based on a mode-locked fiber laser. Laser Phys. Lett. 4(8), 597 (2007)
A. Naji, M. Abidin, M. Al-Mansoori, A. Faidz, M. Mahdi, Experimental investigation of noise in double-pass erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Laser Phys. Lett. 4(2), 145 (2007)
J. Zhao, Y. Wang, B. Yao, Y. Ju, High efficiency, single-frequency continuous wave Nd: YVO4/YVO4 ring laser. Laser Phys. Lett. 7(2), 135 (2010)
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the Grant Number LRGS(2015)NGOD/UM/KPT and RU007/2015 from the university of Malaya (UM).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Amiri, I.S., Ariannejad, M.M., Ismail, M.F. et al. Analysis of semiconductor InGaAsP/InP coupled microring resonators (CMRR) by time-domain travelling wave (TDTW) method. J Opt 46, 311–319 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-016-0353-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-016-0353-2