Abstract
Breeding crops for disease resistance is a sustainable approach to reduce yield losses. While significant research on the adoption and impacts of improved crop varieties exists, most studies have analyzed yield effects in general without distinguishing between different varietal traits and characteristics. Here, panel data from wheat farmers in Ethiopia were used to compare improved varieties that are resistant to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) with improved susceptible and traditional susceptible varieties. Production function estimates suggest that improved resistant varieties raise effective yields by 8% in comparison to local susceptible varieties. The yield difference between improved resistant and improved susceptible varieties is positive but small because rust levels were not very high in the years under study. However, under drought and other abiotic stresses, improved varieties – with and without resistance to stripe rust – performed notably worse than local varieties. The worse performance under abiotic stress may explain why many farmers have recently switched back to growing traditional varieties. Sustainable adoption needs a combination of various traits in the same varieties, including high yield potential, grain quality, disease resistance and tolerance to drought and other production stresses.
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Acknowledgements
Zewdu Ayalew Abro was financially supported through a stipend from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). The authors thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor of this journal for very useful comments.
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Appendix
Field level adoption of varieties by agroecology (both survey rounds). Notes: H2, tepid to cool humid mid-highlands (n = 888); H3, cold to very cold humid sub-Afro-Alpine (n = 107); M1, hot to warm moist lowlands (n = 143); M2, tepid to cool moist mid-highlands (n = 1350); SA2, tepid to cool semi-arid mid highlands (n = 62); SH1, hot to warm sub-humid lowlands (n = 2019); SH2, tepid to cool sub-humid mid highlands (n = 668); SM2, tepid to cool sub-moist mid highlands (n = 1314)
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Abro, Z.A., Jaleta, M. & Qaim, M. Yield effects of rust-resistant wheat varieties in Ethiopia. Food Sec. 9, 1343–1357 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0735-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0735-6