Abstract
The paper outlines the usefulness and challenges of teaching the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) to the young generation of the twenty-first century. Reflecting on the author’s experience of engaging university students the paper shares with readers some personal lessons on the subject. A brief history of the UDHR in the past seven decades will be outlined with a crucial question of why the promise of human rights has not been fulfilled as expected despite the proliferation of international legal standards since the foundation of the UDHR. In so doing I would like to shift the focus of human rights discourse away from the conventional legal-institutional one toward the conditions and contexts in which human rights could be conceptualized and realized. As a way of suggesting an alternative path to the realization of human rights through the lens of education I will discuss the structural literacy, global and ecological citizenship, and peace-rights nexus and solidarity. The conclusion will wrap up the whole argument with some pointers on the role of the UDHR-based human rights education in the seriously fragmented world of today.
Access this article
We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.
Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ackerly, B. (2013). Feminist and activist approaches to human rights. In M. Goodhart (Ed.), Human rights: Politics and practice (2nd ed., pp. 27–41). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brown, Gordon (Ed.). (2016). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 21st century: A living document in a changing world: A report by the Global Citizenship Commission. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers.
Cahn, E. (1964). The Sense of injustice. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Cardenas, S. (2009). Conflict and compliance: State responses to international human rights pressure. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Cho, H. J. (2011). In search of the UDHR for the young generation. Seoul: Hanul Academy.
Cho, H. J. (2015). A root cause approach for achieving human rights. Journal of Democracy and Human Rights, 15(3), 229–273.
Cho, H. J. (2016). Horizons of human rights. Seoul: Humanitas.
Cho, H. J. (2018). An integrative approach for the realization of human rights. Journal of Human Rights Studies, 1(1), 37–71.
Constantinides, A. (2008). Questioning the universal relevance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Cuadernos Constitucionales de la Cátedra Fadrique Furió Ceriol, 62(63), 49–63.
Dobson, A. (2003). Citizenship and the environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dunne, T., & Hanson, M. (2016). Human rights in international relations. In M. Goodhart (Ed.), Human Rights Politics and Practice (3rd ed., pp. 44–59). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Eide, A. (1999). Making Human Rights Universal: Achievements and prospects. Human Rights in Development Online, 6(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1163/221160800X00028.
Foot, R. (2010). The cold war and human rights. In M. P. Leffler & O. A. Westad (Eds.), The Cambridge history of the cold war: Endings (Vol. 3, pp. 445–465). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Frezzo, M. (2015). The sociology of Human Rights: An introduction. Cambridge: Polity.
Fukuda-Parr, S. (2017). Warning: Too much reliance on data can undermine the UN’s SDGs. PassBlue: Independent Coverage of the UN. 26 July. Retrieved from http://www.passblue.com/2017/07/26/warning-too-much-reliance-on-data-can-undermine-the-uns-sdgs/.
Gandhi, M. (1948). Letter. In UNESCO (Ed.), Human Rights: comments and interpretations (p. 3). Paris: UNESCO.
Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Giddens, A. (2009). The politics of climate change. Cambridge: Polity.
Glendon, M. A. (2001). A world made new: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. New York: Random House.
Hobbins, A. J. (1989). Rene Cassin and the daughter of time: The first draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Fontanus, II, 7–26.
Hopgood, S. (2018). What is the greatest challenge to the future of human rights? We the people are. The Conversation. Retrieved October 23, from, http://theconversation.com/what-is-the-greatest-challenge-to-the-future-of-human-rights-we-the-people-are-105428.
Humphreys, D. (2009). Environmental and ecological citizenship in civil society. The International Spectator, 44(1), 171–183.
Kim, D. J. (1994). A response to Lee Kuan Yew: Is culture destiny?: The myth of Asia’s anti-democratic values. Foreign Affairs, 73(6), 189–194.
Klug, F. (2018). Members of human family. International Politics and Society. Retrieved 6 March, from, http://www.ips-journal.eu/about/writers-and-contributors/writer/francesca-klug/.
Koo, J. W., Cheong, B. E., & Ramirez, F. O. (2015). Who thinks and behaves according to Human Rights?: Evidence from the Korean National Human Rights Survey. Korea Observer, 46(1), 53–87.
MacNaughton, G., & Frey, D. (2015). Teaching the transformative agenda of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Radical Teacher, 103, 17–25.
Marks, S. (2011). Human rights and root causes. The Modern Law Review, 74(1), 57–78.
Melo-Escrihuela, C. (2008). Promoting ecological citizenship: Rights, duties and political agency. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 7(2), 113–134.
Morsink, J. (2008). The Universal Declaration and the conscience of humanity. Conference: Rights that make us human beings—Human Rights as an answer to historical and current injustice, Nuremberg, 20 November.
Moyn, S. (2010). The last Utopia: Human Rights in history. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Moyn, S. (2018). Not enough: Human Rights in an unequal world. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Pinghua, S. (2016). Pengchun Chang’s contributions to the drafting of the UDHR. Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences. https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0170.1000209.
Pinheiro, P. S. (2008). Sixty years after the Universal Declaration: Navigating the contradictions. SUR: International Journal on Human Rights, 5(9), 70–79.
Podolsky, L. (2014). McGill’s John Peters Humphrey’s legacy work, original draft of Declaration of Human Rights, featured at Canadian Museum of Human Rights Grand Opening & exhibit. Retrieved from http://news.library.mcgill.ca/mcgills-john-peters-humphreys-legacy-work-original-draft-of-declaration-of-human-rights-featured-at-canadian-museum-of-human-rights-grand-opening-exhibit/.
Revaz, C. (2016). Reframing SDG’s education target on ‘Global Citizenship” with human rights lens. Insights: Leading Voices on Today’s Topics. Retrieved from https://www.creativeassociatesinternational.com/insights/reframing-sdgs-education-target-on-global-citizenship-through-a-human-rights-lens/.
Roth, K. (2017). The dangerous rise of populism global attacks on human rights values. In Human Rights Watch (Ed.) Human Rights Watch World Report 2017 (pp. 1–14). Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/world_report_download/wr2017-web.pdf.
Samnøy, Å. (1993). Human Rights as international consensus: The making of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1945–1948. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute.
Schabas, W. A. (2013). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The travaux preparatoire: Volume I October 1946 to November 1947. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sears, J.F. (2008). Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Task Force: Celebrating Eleanor Roosevelt. Retrieved from http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/the-lgbt-center/repository/files/Eleanor%20Roosevelt%20-%20The%20Universal%20Declaration%20of%20Human%20Rights.pdf.
Shue, H. (2018). Human rights in the Anthropocene. In D. A. DellaSala & M. I. Goldstein (Eds.), Encyclopedia of the Anthropocene (Vol. II, pp. 103–109). Oxford: Elsevier.
von Bernstorff, J. (2008). The changing fortunes of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Genesis and symbolic dimensions of the turn to rights in international law. The European Journal of International Law, 19(5), 903–924.
UN General Assembly. (1948). Resolution 217(III). International Bill of Human Rights A: Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/217(III).
UN General Assembly. (1966a). Resolution 2200A(XXI). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/cescr.pdf.
UN General Assembly. (1966b). Resolution 2200A(XXI). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/ccpr.pdf.
UNESCO. (2015). Global citizenship education: Topics and learning objectives. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
Winston, A. (2019). Young People Are Leading the Way on Climate Change, and Companies Need to Pay Attention. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved 26 March, from, https://hbr.org/2019/03/young-people-are-leading-the-way-on-climate-change-and-companies-need-to-pay-attention?ab=hero-subleft-2.
Wolf, J., Brown, K., & Conway, D. (2009). Ecological citizenship and climate change: perceptions and practice. Environmental Politics, 18(4), 503–521.
World Wildlife Fund. (2018). Living Planet Report 2018: Aiming higher. Retrieved from https://wwf.panda.org/knowledge_hub/all_publications/living_planet_report_2018/.
Zakaria, F. (1994). Culture is destiny: A conversation with Lee Kuan Yew. Foreign Affairs, 73(2), 109–126.
Acknowledgements
An earlier, much shorter version of this paper was presented as a keynote address at the 19th International Conference on Education Research held in the Seoul National University on 17–19 October 2018. I am grateful for Prof. Kenneth King’s helpful comments on the first draft.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cho, HJ. Rethinking democracy and human rights education on the seventieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 20, 171–180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09589-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09589-x