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Toxicity of ammonia to larvae and juveniles of the geoduck clam Panopea japonica

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Abstract

The effects of total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) on hatching, metamorphosis and survival of the geoduck clam Panopea japonica in early life stages (larvae and juvenile) were studied. Ammonia had a significant impact on the hatching ratio at different concentrations. The survival ratio of larvae and juveniles was reduced significantly along with increasing TAN concentration. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) of TAN for larval relative growth ratio was 0.49 mg/L (equivalent to 0.013 mg/L of un-ionized ammonia), and EC50 for survival after 192 h was 1.04 mg/L (equivalent to 0.028 mg/L of un-ionized ammonia). The MATC of TAN on the metamorphosis ratio of P. japonica was 0.93 mg/L (equivalent to 0.030 mg/L of un-ionized ammonia). In juveniles, there was no significant difference in survival ratios with TAN concentrations ranging from 4.07 to 7.01 mg/L. MATC for survival was 7.01 mg/L (equivalent to 0.22 mg/L of un-ionized ammonia), and the LC50 after 96 h was 13.96 mg/L (equivalent to 0.44 mg/L of un-ionized ammonia). Our findings provided information of the larval and juvenile P. japonica in response to the TAN stress.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this work. This research was supported by a grant from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology through the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFD0900704; 2018YFD0901400), the National Science Foundation of China (31502163; 41606133), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA, the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807271), the Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents Foundation of Dalian (2021RJ09), and the Innovation team of shellfish improved seed breeding and cultivation of Dalian Ocean University (B202106) .

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  1. Fan Wang and Cuicui Li have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, No. 52, Hei Shi jiao Street, Dalian, 116023, People’s Republic of China

    Fan Wang, Cuicui Li, Wen Zhao, MD. Habibur Rahman, Ye Wang, Feng Yang, Zhongming Huo, Lei Fang & Xiwu Yan

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Correspondence to Zhongming Huo or Lei Fang.

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Wang, F., Li, C., Zhao, W. et al. Toxicity of ammonia to larvae and juveniles of the geoduck clam Panopea japonica. Fish Sci 88, 311–317 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-022-01588-z

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