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Malachite-green-removing properties of a bacterial strain isolated from fish ponds in Thailand

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Abstract

Malachite green (MG) has been focused on as a biotreatment target and its biological properties have also been an issue in food fish aquaculture. An MG-removing bacterium was isolated from aquaculture fish pond sediment samples in Thailand. The isolate, strain T-5-2, is a Gram-negative, aerobic rod-shaped bacterium, and has been identified as a member of the Pseudomonas putida group. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) analysis of a broth culture medium containing MG showed that the concentration of MG decreased markedly and that other molecules, including leucomalachite green (LMG), were generated. Moreover, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis showed that the MG concentration in the broth culture medium continuously decreased. This analysis also demonstrated that the concentration of LMG initially increased and then gradually decreased. Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone (4DABP) as a degradation component of MG, which was confirmed by 1H-NMR and LC–MS/MS analysis. These findings suggest that this bacterial strain can remove MG in broth culture and degrade it to certain metabolites, including LMG and 4DABP. This study is the first detailed evaluation by the combination of LC–MS/MS, GC–MS, and 1H-NMR analyses of an MG-removing bacterium isolated from Thai aquaculture fish ponds.

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Acknowledgement

This research was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato, Tokyo, Japan

    Takeshi Kobayashi, Hitomi Taya, Wakana Ishida, Hirona Yano, Takeshi Terahara, Chiaki Imada & Michiya Kamio

  2. Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Latyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand

    Pongtep Wilaipun

  3. Department of Fisheries, Suphanburi Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center, Suphanburi, Thailand

    Werawan Chinaksorn

  4. Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan

    Kenta Yonezuka

  5. Shin Nihon Kentei Kyokai, 2-12-13, Shinyokohama, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Tomoko Harada

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  1. Takeshi Kobayashi
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  2. Hitomi Taya
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Correspondence to Takeshi Kobayashi.

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Kobayashi, T., Taya, H., Wilaipun, P. et al. Malachite-green-removing properties of a bacterial strain isolated from fish ponds in Thailand. Fish Sci 83, 827–835 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-017-1102-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-017-1102-4

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