Abstract
Biomolecular nanoreactors are constructed from chemical elements many of which have magnetic and nonmagnetic stable isotopes. The magnetic isotope effects (MIE) were discovered in experiments with the cells enriched with different isotopes of magnesium, magnetic or nonmagnetic ones. The striking catalytic effect of the magnetic isotope, 25Mg, was revealed in the reaction of ATP hydrolysis driven by myosin, the biomolecular motor utilizing the chemical energy of ATP to perform the mechanical work. The rate of the enzymatic ATP hydrolysis with 25Mg as the enzyme cofactor is twice higher than the rates of the reactions with nonmagnetic 24Mg or 26Mg. A similar effect of the nuclear spin catalysis was revealed in the experiments with zinc as the myosin cofactor. MIE unambiguously indicate that, in the chemo-mechanical process catalyzed by the molecular motor, there is a limiting step which depends on the electron spin state of the reagents, and this step is accelerated by the nuclear spin of the magnetic isotope. The recent developments in this field highlight promising venues for future research of MIE in biophysics with possible applications of the magnetic isotopes in medical physics including radiation medicine and biomedical effects of electromagnetic fields.
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08 November 2023
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Acknowledgements
The isotope and elemental compositions of all the samples studied in our experiments were controlled by the methods of high-resolution mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry in the Analytical Center of Institute of Microelectronics Technology Problems and High Purity Materials of RAS, Chernogolovka. My heartfelt appreciation to Dr. Vasiliy K. Karandashev, head of the Analytical Center, and his coworkers for so fruitful cooperation.
Funding
The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme AAAA-А19-119092390041-5). No grants or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
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Koltover, V.K. Magnetic isotope effects and nuclear spin catalysis in living cells and biomolecular motors: recent advances and future outlooks. Biophys Rev 15, 999–1006 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-023-01162-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12551-023-01162-6