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Influence of Forging Temperature on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Directionally Forged Al–Cu–Li Alloy

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Abstract

Optimization of forging process to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2195 Al–Cu–Li alloy forgings is an urgent issue. In this study, a homogenized 2195 alloy ingot was subjected to multi-directional forging (MDF), annealing, and forging at 500 °C, 420 °C, and 240 °C with a 50% reduction in cross-sectional area, followed by a T8 heat treatment (involving solution, quenching, cold compression, and aging). The microstructural evolution during the process and the final mechanical properties in three orthogonal directions were examined. The results showed that the grain structures of the alloy were significantly refined after MDF by dynamic recrystallization (DRX), but the structure was thermally unstable and formed coarse grains during subsequent annealing by static recrystallization (SRX). The T8-treated samples forged at 500 °C, 420 °C, and 240 °C obtained fine and uniform grain structures by DRX, inhomogeneous grain structures by partial SRX, and uniform, equiaxed grain structures by full SRX, respectively. The average grain size of the forging increased with decreasing forging temperature because more significant SRX occurred for the forging that was deformed at lower temperatures. The grain structures had minimal influence on precipitation behavior and strength but had a significant influence on elongation. The fine and uniform grain structures improved the elongation; whereas, the inhomogeneous grain structures, which contained extremely large grains, significantly deteriorated the elongation. The uniform, equiaxed grain structures decreased the anisotropy in three orthogonal directions and maintained fine elongation even though the average grain size of the forging was the largest.

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The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also forms part of an ongoing study.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52005518) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M672510).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Hailin He & Kanghua Chen

  2. Research Institute of Light Alloy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Hailin He, Kanghua Chen, Youping Yi, Wanfu Guo & Shiquan Huang

  3. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Changsha, 410083, China

    Kanghua Chen, Youping Yi, Bingxiang Wang, Jiaguo Tang, Wanfu Guo & Shiquan Huang

  4. Southwest Aluminum Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401326, China

    Wen You & Yonglin Guo

Authors
  1. Hailin He
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  2. Kanghua Chen
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  3. Youping Yi
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  4. Wen You
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  5. Yonglin Guo
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  9. Shiquan Huang
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Contributions

HH: Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing original draft. KC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, editing. YY: Conceptualization, Resources, Methodology, Supervision. WY: Materials, Supervision. YG: Materials, Supervision. BW: Data curation, Supervision. JT: Data curation, Supervision. WG: Data curation, Supervision. SH: Methodology, Supervision, editing.

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Correspondence to Kanghua Chen or Youping Yi.

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He, H., Chen, K., Yi, Y. et al. Influence of Forging Temperature on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Multi-Directionally Forged Al–Cu–Li Alloy. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 433–447 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01022-6

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