Abstract
Accurate depiction of the topography of Earth’s surface is an essential requirement to produce photogrammetric products like DEM and ortho-images as they are used in hydrological modeling, hydrodynamic modeling and morphological studies. The overriding objective of this study is to generate a high-spatial resolution DEM using Cartosat-1 stereo pair data and ground control points obtained from Differential Global Positioning System. Comparison of the DEM generated from Cartosat-1 stereo pair and publicly available DEMs was also carried out in this study for hydrologic applications. The generated DEM using the Ground Control Points (GCPs) returned a low RMSE value of 0.18 pixels during block triangulation indicating the model error to be much less than one pixel. From the comparative result of vertical accuracy, it was found that the DEM generated from Cartosat-1 stereo pair data performs better followed by SRTM, ALOS PALSAR and ASTER with RMSE values of 2.91, 5.21, 5.69 and 6.17 m, respectively. In the watershed demarcation and stream network delineation analysis, the results obtained from the Cartosat-1 stereo pair DEM and ALOS PALSAR were found to be more accurate than SRTM and ASTER. This study clearly indicates that the high-resolution DEMs generated using the bundle GCPs approach produced a better result with higher accuracy.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Cartosat-1 stereo pair and Resourcesat 2A LISS IV data cannot be shared due to privacy/ethical restrictions.
References
Agarwal, R., Sur, K., & Rajawat, A. S. (2020). Accuracy assessment of the CARTOSAT DEM using robust statistical measures. Modelling Earth System and Environment, 6, 471–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-019-00694-9
Anand, V., Oinam, B., & Parida, B. R. (2020). Uncertainty in hydrological analysis using multi-GCM predictions and multi-parameters under RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios in Manipur River Basin, India. Journal of Earth System Science, 129, 223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-020-01492-z
Baugh, C. A., Bates, P. D., Schumann, G., & Trigg, M. A. (2013). SRTM vegetation removal and hydrodynamic modeling accuracy. Water Resource Research, 49(9), 5276–5289. https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20412
Bhardwaj, A., Jain, K., & Chatterjee, R. S. (2021). Refining IKONOS DEM for Dehradun region using photogrammetry based DEM editing methods, orthoimage generation and quality assessment of Cartosat-1 DEM. Environmental Sciences Proceedings, 5, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECG2020-06966
Bothale, R. V., & Pandey, B. (2013). Evaluation and comparison of multi resolution DEM derived through Cartosat-1 stereo pair: A case study of Damanganga Basin. Journal of Indian Society Remote Sensing, 41, 497–507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-012-0243-2
Cartosat-1 data user’s handbook. (2006). http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/bhuvan/PDF/cartosat1.pdf
Das, A., Agrawal, R., & Mohan, S. (2014). Topographic correction of ALOS-PALSAR images using InSAR-derived DEM. Geocarto International. https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049.2014.883436
Dutta, P., & Sarma, A. (2020). Hydrological modeling as a tool for water resources management of the data-scarce Brahmaputra basin. Journal of Water and Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2020.186
El Jazouli, A., Barakat, A., Ghafiri, A., et al. (2017). Soil erosion modeled with USLE, GIS, and remote sensing: A case study of Ikkour watershed in Middle Atlas (Morocco). Geoscience Letters, 4, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-017-0091-6
Elkhrachy, I. (2018). Vertical accuracy assessment for SRTM and ASTER digital elevation models: A case study of Najran city, Saudi Arabia. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9(4), 1807–1817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2017.01.007
Favey, E., Geiger, A., Gudmundsson, G. H., & Wehr, A. (2003). Evaluating the potential of an airborne laserscanning system for measuring volume changes of glaciers. Geografiska Annaler: Series A Physical Geography, 81(4), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0459.00083
Fraser, C., Hanley, H., & Yamakawa, T. (2002). 3D geopositioning accuracy of IKONOS imagery. Photogrammetric Record, 17(99), 465–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/0031-868X.00199
Gao, B., Chen, Z., & Devereux, B. (2007). State-of-the-art: DTM generation using airborne LIDAR data. Sensors, 17(1), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010150
Ghuffar, S. (2018). DEM generation from multi satellite planet scope imagery. Remote Sensing, 10(9), 1462. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10091462
Giribabu, D., Kumar, P., Mathew, J., Sharma, K., & Yelisetty, K. M. (2013a). DEM generation using Cartosat-1 stereo data: Issues and complexities in Himalayan terrain. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 46, 431–443. https://doi.org/10.5721/EuJRS20134625
Giribabu, D., Srinivasa Rao, S., & Krishna Murthy, Y. V. N. (2013b). Improving Cartosat-1 DEM accuracy using synthetic stereo pair and triplet. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 77, 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.12.005
Grodecki, J., & Dial, G. (2003). Block adjustment of high resolution satellite images described by rational polynomials. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 69(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.69.1.59
Guth, P. L. (2006). Geomorphometry from SRTM—comparison to NED. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 72(3), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.72.3.269
Habtezion, N., Tahmasebi Nasab, M., & Chu, X. (2016). How does DEM resolution affect microtopographic characteristics, hydrologic connectivity, and modelling of hydrologic processes? Hydrological Processes, 30(25), 4870–4892. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10967
Hancock, G. R., Martinez, C., Evans, K. G., & Moliere, D. R. (2006). A comparison of SRTM and high-resolution digital elevation models and their use in catchment geomorphology and hydrology: Australian examples. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: THe Journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group, 31(11), 1394–1412. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1335
Hawker, L., Bates, P., Neal, J., & Rougier, J. (2018). Perspectives on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) simulation for flood modeling in the absence of a high-accuracy open access global DEM. Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, 233. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00233
Hensley, S., Munjy, R., & Rosen, P. (2001). Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR). In D. Maune (Ed.), Digital elevation model technologies and applications: The DEM users manual (pp. 143–206). American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. https://www.geog.psu.edu/sites/www.geog.psu.edu/files/event/coffee-hour-dr-david-maune-dewberry-engineers-inc/dem2chapter06.pdf
Höhle, J., & Potuckova, M. (2011). Assessment of the quality of digital terrain models. European Spatial Data Research and Policy, 2(60), 91. http://www.eurosdr.net/sites/default/files/uploaded_files/eurosdr_publication_ndeg_60.pdf
Jarihani, A. A., Callow, J. N., McVicar, T. R., Van Niel, T. G., & Larsen, J. R. (2015). Satellite-derived Digital Elevation Model (DEM) selection, preparation and correction for hydrodynamic modelling in large, low-gradient and data-sparse catchments. Journal of Hydrology, 524, 489–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.049
Jena, P. P., Panigrahi, B., & Chatterjee, C. (2016). Assessment of Cartosat-1 DEM for modeling floods in data scarce regions. Water Resource Management, 30, 1293–1309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1226-9
Kayadibi, O. (2009). Recent advances in satellite technologies using to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). In 4th International conference on recent advances in space technologies (pp. 380–385). https://doi.org/10.1109/RAST.2009.5158229
Kumari, N., Saco, P.M., Rodriguez, J.F., Johnstone, S.A., Srivastava, A., Chun, K.P., Yetemen, O. (2020). The grass is not always greener on the other side: Seasonal reversal of vegetation greenness in aspect‐driven semiarid ecosystems. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(15): e2020GL088918. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088918
Li, J., & Wong, D. W. (2010). Effects of DEM sources on hydrologic applications. Computer Environment and Urban Systems, 34(1), 251–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.compenvurbsys.2009.11.002
Li, Z., Zhu, Q., & Gold, C. (2005). Digital terrain modeling: Principles and methodology. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203357132
Lillesand, T. M., Kiefer, R. W., & Chipman, J. W. (2014). Remote sensing and image interpretation. Wiley. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Remote+Sensing+and+Image+Interpretation%2C+7th+Edition-p-9781118919477
Lutes, J. (2006). Photogrammetric processing of Cartosat-1 stereo imagery. http://www.eotec.com/images/Lutes_Cartosat_JACIE2006.pdf
Mohammadi, A., Karimzadeh, S., Jalal, S., Valizadeh Kamran, K., Shahabi, H., Homayouni, S., & Al-Ansari, N. (2020). A multi-sensor comparative analysis on the suitability of generated DEM from Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry using statistical and hydrological models. Sensors, 20, 7214. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20247214
Mukherjee, S., Mukherjee, S., Bhardwaj, A., Mukhopadhyay, A., Garg, R., & Hazra, S. (2015). Accuracy of Cartosat-1 DEM and its derived attribute at multiple scale representation. Journal of Earth System Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-015-0557-x
Muralikrishnan, S., Pillai, A., Narender, B., et al. (2013). Validation of Indian National DEM from Cartosat-1 data. Journal Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 41, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-012-0212-9
NRSC. (2012). National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Cartosat-1 is operated in MONO mode from 14th March 2012. https://bhuvan-app3.nrsc.gov.in/data/download/tools/document/Cartosat_1_brochure.pdf
Pontius, R. G., Boersma, W., Castella, J., Clarke, K., de Nijs, T., Dietzel, C., et al. (2008). Comparing the input, output, and validation maps for several models of land change. The Annals of Regional Science, 42, 11–37. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00168-007-0138-2
Reddy, G. P., Kumar, N., Sahu, N., & Singh, S. (2018). Evaluation of automatic drainage extraction thresholds using ASTER GDEM and Cartosat-1 DEM: A case study from basaltic terrain of Central India. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.04.001
Reinartz, P., d’Angelo, P., Krauss, T., & Chaabouni-Chouayakh, H. (2010). DSM generation and filtering from high resolution optical stereo satellite Data. In Proceedings 30th European Association Remote Sensing Laboratories (EARSeL) symposium, Paris, France (pp. 527–536). https://elib.dlr.de/68862/1/ISPRS100_Comm_VII_jiaojiao.pdf
Sana, K., Sinha, R., Whitehead, P., Sarkar, S., Jin, L., & Futter, M. N. (2018). Flows and sediment dynamics in the Ganga River under present and future climate scenarios. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 63(5), 763–782. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1447113
Schenk, T. (1996). Digital aerial triangulation. Archives of the Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 31(B3), 735–745. http://rsl.geology.buffalo.edu/documents/Schenk_isprs04.pdf
Schreier, G. (1993). SAR geocoding: Data and systems. Wichmann. https://silo.tips/download/sar-geocoding-data-and-systems
Sefercik, U., & Ozendi, M. (2013). Comprehensive comparison of VHR 3D spatial data acquired from IKONOS and TerraSAR-X imagery. Advances in Space Research, 52, 1655–1667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2013.07.044
Shaker, A., Nichol, J. E., & Wong, M. S. (2008). Topographic mapping from small satellites: A case study of CHRIS/PROBA data. The Photogrammetric Record, 23(123), 275–289. https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/xxxvi/1-W51/paper/shaker_nichol_wong.pdf
Singh, V., Champatiray, P., & Jeyaseelan, A. (2010). Orthorectification and digital elevation model (DEM) generation using Cartosat-1 satellite stereo pair in Himalayan Terrain. Journal of Geographical Information System, 2, 85–92. https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2010.22013
Snehmani, S. M., Gupta, R. D., & Ganju, A. (2013). Extraction of high resolution DEM from Cartosat-1 stereo imagery using rational math model and its accuracy assessment for a part of snow covered NWHimalaya. Journal of Remote Sensing GIS, 4(2), 23–34. https://www.stmjournals.com/index.php?journal=JoRSG&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=2954
Sooraj, K., Sajikumar, N., & Sumam, K. S. (2016). DEM generation using Cartosat-I stereo data and its comparison with publically available DEM. Procedia Technology, 24, 295–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.039
Wang, W., Yang, X., & Yao, T. (2012). Evaluation of ASTER GDEM and SRTM and their suitability in hydraulic modelling of a glacial lake outburst flood in southeast Tibet. Hydrological Processes, 26(2), 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8127
Wilson, J. P., & Gallant, J. C. (2000). Digital terrain analysis. In J. P. Wilson & J. C. Gallant (Eds.), Terrain analysis: Principles and applications (pp. 1–27). Wiley. https://johnwilson.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/2000-Wilson-Gallant-Terrain-Anaylsis-Chapter-1.pdf
Yamane, N., Fujita, K., Nonaka, T., Shibbayama, T., & Takagishi, S. (2008). Accuracy evaluation of DEM derived by TerraSAR-X data in the Himalayan region. In The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences XXXVII (pp. 203–208). http://www.sefercik.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/A11_Advances.pdf
Yousefi, S., Pourghasemi, H. R., Emami, S. N., et al. (2020). A machine learning framework for multi-hazards modeling and mapping in a mountainous area. Scientific Reports, 10, 12144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69233-2
Zhang, G., Shen, W., Zhu, Y., Wang, Y., & She, Y. (2017). Evaluation of ASTER GDEM in the northeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau in gravity reduction. Geodesy and Geodynamics, 8(5), 335–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.06.001
Acknowledgements
The authors express their heartfelt gratitude to Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Alaska Satellite Facility, Survey of India and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Govt. of India, for providing the valuable database.
Funding
Research outcome of this study was supported by SERB sponsored project [YSS/2014/000917], Ministry of Education, Govt. of India and National Institute of Technology Manipur.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
VA involved in conceptualization, methodology, software, analysis, investigation and writing manuscript; BO and SW took part in conceptualization, supervision, analysis, reviewing and editing. All authors have read and agreed to the final version manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
About this article
Cite this article
Anand, V., Oinam, B. & Wieprecht, S. Assessment and Comparison of DEM Generated Using Cartosat-1 Stereo Pair Data for Hydrological Applications. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 51, 483–496 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-022-01639-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-022-01639-z