Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Appraisal of hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater quality in Bhavani taluk Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India

  • S. I. – CEC Framework
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An attempt has been made in the Bhavani taluk, Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India, to characterize the hydrogeochemical processes, sources, mechanisms, and influences on the groundwater chemistry along with the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. A total of 53 groundwater samples were collected during the post-monsoon season and analyzed for physical parameters, major cations, and anions. From the results, the silicate weathering, mineral dissolution, and direct and reverse ion exchange processes are dominant followed by anthropogenic sources. The Piper plots indicate the hydrochemical facies from Ca-HCO3 to mixed Ca, Mg-Cl, and Na-Cl types. The Durov plot represents that the ionic exchange and simple mineral dissolution are dominant. Gibbs plot suggests that the rock water interaction is dominant and followed by minor evaporation processes. Correlation coefficient and factor analysis suggest the influence of fertilizers and other anthropogenic sources. A significant number of samples exceeds the WHO 2017 drinking water standard. The interpolation techniques were used in GIS for selective ions, and the groundwater quality zone has been identified. According to the integration result, 423.10 km2 represents good for drinking, and 155.70 km2 and 63.18 km2 were representing moderate and poor types, respectively. The study indicates that the moderate and poor zones are more vulnerable for drinking utilities. Hence, it needs another alternative like filtration, treatment, and decreases of mixing of waste effluents in the study area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdul Bari J, Vennila G, Subramani T, Suresh M, Karunanidhi D, Shanmugaraja TM (2016) Hydrogeochemical investigation of groundwater in Bhavani taluk, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India using GIS. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 45:1154–1161

    Google Scholar 

  • Adimalla N (2019) Groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes and potential health risks assessment: a case study from semi-arid region of South India. Expos Health 11(2):109–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-018-0288-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adimalla N (2020) Controlling factors and mechanism of groundwater quality variation in semiarid region of South India: an approach of water quality index (WQI) and health risk assessment (HRA). Environ Geochem Health 42:1725–1752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adimalla N, Wu J (2019) Groundwater quality and associated health risks in a semi-arid region of south India: implication to sustainable groundwater management. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 25(1-2):191–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Public Health Associate (APHA) (1995) Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, 19th ed. Washington; D.C

  • Anand B, Karunanidhi D, Subramani T (2020) Promoting artificial recharge to enhance groundwater potential in the lower Bhavani River basin of South India using geospatial techniques. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:18437–18456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09019-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bachaer A, Ikram J, Samir S, Naziha M, Salwa S, Emna B (2017) Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater using multivariate statistical analysis: the Maritime Djeffara shallow aquifer (Southeastern Tunisia). Environ Earth Sci 76:821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7168-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barakat A, Hilali A, Baghdadi ME, Touhami F (2019) Assessment of shallow groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purpose near the Beni-Mellal wastewater treatment lagoon (Morocco). Hum Ecol Risk Assess 26:1476–1495

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barbecot F, Marlin C, Gibert E, Dever L (2000) Hydrochemical and isotopic characterisation of the Bathonian and Bajocian coastal aquifer of the Caen area (northern France). Appl Geochem 15(6):791–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00088-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basavarajappa HT, Manjunatha MC (2015) Groundwater quality analysis in Precambrian rocks of Chitradurga district, Karnataka, India using Geo informatics technique. Aquatic Procedia 4:1354–1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breman J (1999) The study of Industrial labour in post-colonial India—the formal sector: an introductory review. Contrib Indian Sociol 33:1–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll D (1962) Rainwater as a chemical agent of geologic processes: a review, USGS Water Supply Paper, 1535p.

  • CGWB (2009) Central Groundwater Board district groundwater brochure Erode district, Tamil Nadu Government of India. http://cgwb.gov.in/DistrictProfile/TamilNadu/Erode.pdf

  • Chen K, Jiao JJ, Huang J, Huang R (2006) Multivariate statistical evaluation of trace elements in groundwater in a coastal area in Shenzhen. China Environ Pollut. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.002

  • Das M, Kumar A, Mohapatra M, Murali SD (2010) Evolution of drinking quality of groundwater through multivariate techniques in urban area. Environ Monit Assess 166:149–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeMontety V, Radakovitch O, Vallet-Coulomb C, Blavoux B, Hermitte D, Valles V (2008) Origin of groundwater salinity and hydrogeochemical processes in a confined coastal aquifer, case of the Rhone delta (Southern France). Appl Geochem 23(8):2337–2349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.03.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durov SA (1948) Classification of natural waters and graphical representation of their composition. Dokl Akad Nauk USSR 59(1):87–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Farooqi A, Masuda H, Firdous N (2007) Toxic fluoride and arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Lahore and Kasur districts, Punjab, Pakistan and possible contaminant sources. Environ Pollut 145(3):839–849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeze RA, Cherry JA. (1979) Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 604 pp.

  • Gibbs RJ (1970) Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science 170:1088–1090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giridharan L, Venugopal T, Jayaprakash M (2008) Evaluation of the seasonal variation of the geochemical parameters and quality management of the groundwater in the proximity of River Cooum, Chennai, India. Environ Monit Assess 143:161–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gnanachandrasamy G, Ramkumar T, Venkatramanan S, Vasudevan S, Chung SY, Bagyaraj M (2013) Accessing groundwater quality in lower part of Nagapattinam district, Southern India: using hydrogeochemistry and GIS interpolation techniques. Appl Water Sci 5:39–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath S, Srinivasamoorthy K, Saravanan K, Prakash R (2019) Discriminating groundwater salinization processes in coastal aquifers of southeastern India: geophysical, hydrogeochemical and numerical modeling approach. Environ Dev Sustain 21:2443–2458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0143-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jabal MSA, Abustan I, Rozaimy MR, El Najar H (2014) Groundwater beneath the urban area of Khan Younis City, southern Gaza Strip (Palestine): hydrochemistry and water quality. Arab J Geosci 8(4):2203–2215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janardhana Raju N, Ram P, Dey S (2009) Groundwater quality in the lower Varuna River basin, Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 73:178–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karunanidhi D, Aravinthasamy P, Deepali M, Subramani T, Shankar K (2021) Groundwater pollution and human health risks in an industrialized region of Southern India: impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown and the monsoon seasonal cycles. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 80:259–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan FA, Srinivasamoorthy K, Prakash R, Gopinath S, Rabina C (2020) Impact of hydrogeochemical processes and its evolution in controlling groundwater chemistry along the east coast of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. India Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:18567–18588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10912-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koffi KV, Obuobie E, Banning A (2017) Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and surface water for domestic and irrigation purposes in Vea catchment, Northern Ghana. Environ Earth Sci 76:185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6490-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishna Kumar S, Chandrasekar N, Seralathan P, Godson PS, Magesh NS (2011) Hydrogeochemical study of shallow carbonate aquifers, Rameswaram Island, India. Environ Monit Assess 184:4127–4138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar A, Bhawsar NG, Khandelwal S (2013) Physico-chemical parameters apply to analysis of drinking water from some selected area of Betul district, Madhya Pradesh. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 3:1109–1114

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Jiao JJ, Liang W, & Kuang X (2017) Hydrogeochemical characteristics in coastal groundwater mixing zone. Applied Geochemistry 85:49–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.09.002

  • Lloyd JA, Heathcote JA (1985) Natural inorganic hydrochemistry in relation to groundwater: an introduction. Oxford Uni. Press, New York 296

  • Magesh NS, Chandrasekar N (2013) Evaluation of spatial variations in groundwater quality by WQI and GIS technique: a case study of Virudunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India. Arab J Geosci 6:1883–1898

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantelin S, Touraine B (2004) Plant growth-promoting bacteria and nitrate availability: impacts on root development and nitrate uptake. J Exp Bot 55:27–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mondal NC, Singh VS, Saxena VK, Singh VP (2011) Assessment of seawater impact using major hydrochemical ions: a case study from Sadras, Tamilnadu, India. Environ Monit Assess 177:315–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Najib S, Fadili A, Mehdi K, Riss J, Makan A, Guessir H (2016) Salinization process and coastal groundwater quality in Chaouia, Morocco. J Afr Earth Sci 115:17–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakagawa K, Amano H, Asakura H, Berndtsson R (2016) Spatial trends of nitrate pollution and groundwater chemistry in Shimabara, Nagasaki, Japan. Environ Earth Sci 75(3):1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4971-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasher G, Al-Sayyaghi A, Al-Matary A (2013) Identification and evaluation of the hydrogeochemical processes of the lower part of Wadi Siham catchment area, Tihama plain, Yemen. Arab J Geosci 6(6):2131–2146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul R, Brindha K, Gowrisankar G, Tan ML, Singh MK (2019) Identification of hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in Tripura, Northeast India using evaluation indices, GIS, and multivariate statistical methods. Environ Earth Sci 78:470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8479-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piper AM (1944) A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analyses. Am Geophys Union Trans 25:914–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash R, Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath S, Saravanan K, Vinnarasi F (2020) Hydrogeochemical investigations to assess groundwater and saline water interaction in coastal aquifers of the southeast coast, Tamil Nadu. India Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:5495–5519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10870-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash R, Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath S, Saravanan K (2020c) Submarine groundwater discharge as sources for dissolved nutrient fluxes in Coleroon river estuary, Bay of Bengal. India J Contam Hydrol 233:103660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasanna MV, Chidambaram S, Hameed AS, Srinivasamoorthy K (2009) Study of evaluation of groundwater in Gadilam basin using hydrogeochemical and isotope data. Environ Monit Assess. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-1092-5

  • Qin R, Wu Y, Xu Z, Xie D, Zhang C (2013) Assessing the impact of natural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality in coastal alluvial aquifers of the lower Liaohe River Plain, NE China. Appl Geochem 31:142–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raju NJ, Shukla UK, Ram P (2011) Hydrogeochemistry for the assessment of groundwater quality in Varanasi: a fast-urbanizing center in Uttar Pradesh, India. Environ Monit Assess 173:279–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ravikumar P, Somashekar RK, Prakash KL (2015) A comparative study on usage of Durov and Piper diagrams to interpret hydrochemical processes in groundwater from SRLIS river basin, Karnataka. India Elixir Earth Sci 80:31073–31077

    Google Scholar 

  • Rekha PN, Kanwar RS, Nayak AK, Hoang CK, Pederson CH (2011) Nitrate leaching to shallow groundwater systems from agricultural fields with different management practices. J Environ Monit 13:2550–2558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richard WH (1945) Estimating groundwater recharge

  • Safei K, Arian MA, Mirhosseini SHAMZ (2015) Mineral chemistry and geothermometry of amphibole and plagioclase in the metabasites, located at the Tanbour Metamorphic Complex in Southern Iran. Open J Geol 5(11):795–808. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2015.511068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sajil Kumar PJ, Elango L, James EJ (2013) Assessment of hydrochemistry and groundwater quality in the coastal area of South Chennai, India. Arab J Geosci 7:2641–2653

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarath Prasanth SV, Magesh NS, Jitheshlal KV, Chandrasekar N, Gangadhar K (2012) Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal stretch of Alappuzha District, Kerala, India. Appl Water Sci 2:165–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan K, Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath S, Prakash R, Suma CS (2016) Investigation of hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater quality in Upper Vellar sub-basin Tamilnadu, India. Arab J Geosci 9(372):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Selvam S, Venkatramanan S, Chung SY, Singaraja C (2016) Identification of groundwater contamination sources in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India using GIS and multivariate statistical analyses. Arab J Geosci 9(407):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasamoorthy K, Vijayaraghavan K, Vasanthavigar M (2011) Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in Mettur region, Tamilnadu, India using drastic and GIS techniques. Arab J Geosci 4:1215–1228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasamoorthy K, Vasanthavigar M, Vijayaraghavan K, Sarathidasan R, Gopinath S (2013) Hydrochemistry of groundwater in a coastal region of Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu, India: implication for quality assessment. Arab J Geosci 6:441–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-011-0351-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasamoorthy K, Gopinath M, Chidambaram S, Vasanthavigar M, Sarma VS (2014) Hydrochemical characterization and quality appraisal of groundwater from Pungar sub basin, Tamilnadu, India. J King Saud Univ Sci 26:37–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao N (2006) Seasonal variation of groundwater quality in a part of Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 49:413–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao N (2018) Groundwater quality from a part of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Appl Water Sci 8(1):30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-018-0665-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subba Rao N, Sunitha B, Adimalla N, Chaudhary N (2020) Quality criteria for groundwater use from a rural part of Wanaparthy District, Telangana State, India, through ionic spatial distribution (ISD), entropy water quality index (EWQI) and principal component analysis (PCA). Environ Geochem Health 42:579–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subramani T, Rajmohan N, Elango L (2010) Groundwater geochemistry and identification of hydrogeochemical processes in a hard rock region, Southern India. Environ Monit Assess 162:123–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian A (2011) Ground water quality assessment of Nagercoil Town (Hand pumps). Environ Earth Sci 1:1–5

    Google Scholar 

  • Suresh M, Gurugnanam B, Vasudevan S, Dharanirajan K, Jawahar Raj N (2010) Drinking and irrigational feasibility of groundwater, GIS spatial mapping in Upper Thirumanimuthar sub-basin, Cauvery River, Tamil Nadu. J Geol Soc India 75:518–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-010-0045-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szymanska-Pulikowska A (2008) Sodium and potassium in the groundwater in areas near the Maslice Municipal refuse dump in Wroclaw. J Elem 13:665–673

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomaszkiewicz M, Najm AM, Fadel EM (2014) Development of a groundwater quality index for seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Environ Model Softw 57:13–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.03.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Usali N, Ismail MH (2010) Use of remote sensing and GIS in monitoring water quality. J Sustain Dev 3:228–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vengosh A, Gill J, Davisson ML, Hudson GB (2002) A multi-isotope (B, Sr, O, H, and C) and age dating (3H–3He and 14C) study of groundwater from Salinas Valley, California: hydrochemistry, dynamics, and contamination processes. Water Resour Res 38(1):9–178. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vinnarasi F, Srinivasamoorthy K, Saravanan K, Gopinath S, Prakash R, Ponnumani G, Babu C (2020) Chemical weathering and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) consumption in Shanmuganadhi, South India: evidences from groundwater geochemistry. Environ Geochem Health 43:771–790. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00540-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, 637 215, India

    Jabar Abdul Bari, Govindasamy Vennila & Perumal Karthikeyan

  2. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, School of Marine Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630 003, India

    Perumal Karthikeyan

Authors
  1. Jabar Abdul Bari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Govindasamy Vennila
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Perumal Karthikeyan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Perumal Karthikeyan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Chidambaram Sabarathinam

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Recent advanced techniques in water resources management.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bari, J.A., Vennila, G. & Karthikeyan, P. Appraisal of hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater quality in Bhavani taluk Erode district, Tamil Nadu, India. Arab J Geosci 14, 1228 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07516-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-021-07516-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation