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Seismic hazard and risk assessment: a review of state-of-the-art traditional and GIS models

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Abstract

The historical records of earthquakes play a vital role in seismic hazard and risk assessment. During the last decade, geophysical, geotechnical, geochemical, topographical, geomorphological, geological data, and various satellite images have been collected, processed, and well-integrated into qualitative and quantitative spatial databases using geographical information systems (GIS). Various types of modeling approaches, such as traditional and GIS-based models, are used. Progressively, seismic studies can improve and modify systematic models and standardize the inventory map of earthquake-susceptible regions. Therefore, this paper reviews different approaches, which are organized and discussed on various models primarily used to create an earthquake scenario focusing on hazard and risk assessment. The reviews are divided into two major parts. The first part is the basic principles, data, and the methodology of various models used for seismic hazard and risk assessment. In the second part, a comparative analysis in terms of the limitations and strengths of the models, as well as application variability is presented. Furthermore, the paper includes the descriptions of software, data resources, and major conclusions. The main findings of this review explain that the capability of machine learning techniques regularly enhances the state of earthquake research, which will provide research opportunities in the future. The model suitability depends on the improvement of parameters, data, and methods that could help to prevent future risk. This paper will help researchers further understand the models based on their strengths, limitations, and applicability.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments to improve the manuscript.

Funding

This research is supported by the Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), UTS grant numbers 321740.2232335, 323930, and 321740.2232357. This research is also supported by Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2019/14, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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  1. The Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia

    Ratiranjan Jena, Biswajeet Pradhan & Ghassan Beydoun

  2. Dept. of Geology & Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah Al-Amri

  3. Department of Statistics, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

    Hizir Sofyan

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  1. Ratiranjan Jena
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Correspondence to Biswajeet Pradhan.

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Jena, R., Pradhan, B., Beydoun, G. et al. Seismic hazard and risk assessment: a review of state-of-the-art traditional and GIS models. Arab J Geosci 13, 50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-5012-x

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