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Orofaryngeale slikstoornissen bij neurodegeneratieve aandoeningen

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Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive degenerations of the brain with increasing movement disorders, like gait, speech and swallowing disorders combined with cognitive disorders, like dementia. Neurodegenerative diseases have in common that aspiration pneumonia is the most frequent cause of death in the end-stage of the disease. This article provides an overview of the prevalence, characteristics and treatments of oropharyngeal dysphagia resulting from multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Huntington’s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and dementia. The prevalence of dysphagia ranges from 32% in MS, 57% in patients with dementia to 73% in patients with MSA and almost 100% in patients with PSP or HD. Treatment is aimed at swallowing with less effort, swallowing more safely and/or optimal nutritional intake. When cognitive decline and behavioural changes increase, passive compensations like food adaptations and comfortable mealtime conditions become the principal interventions.

Samenvatting

Neurodegeneratieve aandoeningen zijn progressieve ziekten van het zenuwstelsel, met toenemende bewegingsstoornissen, zoals stoornissen in het lopen, spreken en slikken in combinatie met cognitieve stoornissen, waaronder dementie. Neurodegeneratieve aandoeningen hebben met elkaar gemeen dat aspiratiepneumonie in het eindstadium van de ziekte de belangrijkste doodsoorzaak is. Dit artikel geeft een overzicht van de prevalentie, kenmerken en behandeling van orofaryngeale slikstoornissen bij multisysteem atrofie (MSA) en progressieve supranucleaire paralyse (PSP), de ziekte van Huntington, multiple sclerose en dementiesyndromen. De prevalentie van slikstoornissen varieert van ongeveer 32% bij multiple sclerose en 57% bij dementiesyndromen tot 73% bij MSA en bijna 100% bij PSP en de ziekte van Huntington. De behandeling is gericht op slikken met minder inspanning, veiliger slikken en/of een betere voedingsintake. Naarmate cognitieve stoornissen en gedragsveranderingen toenemen, gaan passieve interventies, zoals aanpassen van voedingsconsistenties en een prettige eetomgeving, een grotere rol spelen.

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Kalf, J.G., de Wit, S. Orofaryngeale slikstoornissen bij neurodegeneratieve aandoeningen. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 45, 273–281 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12439-014-0091-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12439-014-0091-3

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