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A Community-Partnered Qualitative Study on Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Perceived Impact on Black and Latinx Youth Mental Health and Community-Driven School Policy Recommendations

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the well-being of K-12 students, positioning youth mental health as a public health priority. School closures and remote learning are identified as key factors worsening child and adolescent mental well-being. However, research is sparse about the pandemic’s impact on the mental health of Black and Latinx youth, who have already been at increased risk of mental health problems. Further, community perspectives on actionable, school-based mental health policies are scarce, which may limit the relevance of implemented policies. The current study had two research questions: (1) What do professionals from diverse sectors perceive the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to be on the mental health of Black and Latinx youth from low-income backgrounds? (2) What policies do community professionals recommend to address Black and Latinx youth mental health in public schools? This qualitative study applied community-partnered participatory research principles. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted from April–June 2021 with 30 youth-serving community-based professionals working in an urban area. We utilized grounded theory methodology to identify key themes. Dominant themes for perceived mental health impact were anxiety and depression with more frequent and intense suicidal ideation. The most frequent school policy recommendations were to increase access to individual supports in schools and to implement early detection and prevention initiatives. Further investment in workforce capacity in schools is vital to address the mental health needs of Black and Latinx youth. Policymakers can learn from stakeholders to help ensure that policies align with community needs.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank the participants of our study and the board members, who provided their valuable insights, time, and energy during the pandemic. We also thank Drs. Bita Amani and Chandra Ford for their guidance in the initial stages of the project and inspiration.

Funding

This work was funded by the Community Change Leadership Network, a collaborative network of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Change Leadership Program participants and alumni.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Blanche Wright

  2. RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA

    Blanche Wright

  3. Department of Health Promotion and Policy, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA

    Alane Celeste-Villalvir

  4. Department of Psychology When Research Conducted, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    DaiJa Moorehead

  5. A Place Called Home When Research Conducted, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Charlie Johnson

  6. Now at Tegus Inc, Chicago, IL, USA

    Charlie Johnson

  7. Heart of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Katherine Luna Mendoza

  8. Foundation for Second Chances, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Melvin Bowers

  9. University of California, Los Angeles Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Bonnie T. Zima

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Contributions

Conceptualization was done by B.W.; methodology was done by B.W.; formal analysis and investigation were done by B.W. and D.M.; writing—original draft preparation were done by B.W. and D.M.; writing—review and editing were done by B.W., D.M., A.C-V., C.J., K.L.M., M.B., and B.T.Z.; funding acquisition was done by B.W.; resources were done by B.W.

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Correspondence to Blanche Wright.

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The study was approved by the UCLA Internal Review Board (IRB#20–002301). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Wright, B., Celeste-Villalvir, A., Moorehead, D. et al. A Community-Partnered Qualitative Study on Multiple Stakeholder Perspectives: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Perceived Impact on Black and Latinx Youth Mental Health and Community-Driven School Policy Recommendations. School Mental Health 15, 1145–1157 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-023-09611-z

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