Abstract
Efficient protocols for somatic embryogenesis of papaya (Carica papaya L.) have great potential for selecting elite hybrid genotypes. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a nonplasmolyzing osmotic agent, to a maturation medium increases the production of somatic embryos in C. papaya. To study the effects of PEG on somatic embryogenesis of C. papaya, we analyzed somatic embryo development and carbohydrate profile changes during maturation treatments with PEG (6%) or without PEG (control). PEG treatment (6%) increased the number of normal mature somatic embryos followed by somatic plantlet production. In both control and PEG treatments, pro-embryogenic differentiation to the cotyledonary stage was observed and was significantly higher with PEG treatment. Histomorphological analysis of embryonic cultures with PEG revealed meristematic centers containing small isodiametric cells with dense cytoplasm and evident nuclei. Concomitant with the increase in the differentiation of somatic embryos in PEG cultures, there was an increase in the endogenous content of sucrose and starch, which appears to be related to a rising demand for energy, a key point in the conversion of C. papaya somatic embryos. The endogenous carbohydrate profile may be a valuable parameter for developing optimized protocols for the maturation of somatic embryos in papaya.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) (Proc. E26/201.574/2014 and E26/110.058/2014) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq (Proc. 454451/2014-8 and 305415/2016-6). Scholarships were provided by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) to EMV and LZP and by the FAPERJ to RSR. We kindly thank Caliman Agricola S/A for supplying seeds.
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Vale, E.M., Reis, R.S., Passamani, L.Z. et al. Morphological analyses and variation in carbohydrate content during the maturation of somatic embryos of Carica papaya. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 24, 295–305 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-017-0501-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-017-0501-4