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Non-superficial Cutaneous Manifestations by Candida Species

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To define adequate terminology regarding non-superficial or deep cutaneous manifestations of infection by Candida, as well as to describe the most common causal species, clinical manifestations, and treatment options.

Recent Findings

The prevalence and clinical significance of non-albicans Candida species have been increasing. Research has better characterized these emerging fungi.

Summary

Candidiasis ranges from superficial mucocutaneous infections to invasive manifestations, including candidemia and organ involvement. Invasive candidiasis (IC) includes candidemia (Candida in the bloodstream) and deep-seated candidiasis. Risk factors for IC include immunosuppression, critical illness, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, and skin barrier disruptions. Although C. albicans remains the most common species in IC, other species, such as C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. auris, are becoming more prevalent. C. tropicalis is the most commonly isolated species in deep candida infections. Clinical presentations range from ecthyma gangrenosum-like lesions to ulcers, necrosis, and purpura fulminans. This review emphasizes the importance of a high index of suspicion for these infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Skin biopsy aids in timely diagnosis and treatment.

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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico

    Grecia Figueroa-Ramos, Samantha Paola Bermúdez-Rodríguez, Michelle Gatica-Torres & Judith Domínguez-Cherit

  2. Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico

    Michelle Gatica-Torres

  3. Department of Dermatology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Alejandro Barrera-Godínez

  4. Department of Mycology, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City, Mexico

    Alexandro Bonifaz

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GF and SB wrote the main manuscript. MG, AB, AB, and JD helped review the manuscript and provided additional information. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Judith Domínguez-Cherit.

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Figueroa-Ramos, G., Bermúdez-Rodríguez, S.P., Gatica-Torres, M. et al. Non-superficial Cutaneous Manifestations by Candida Species. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 18, 51–59 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12281-024-00485-5

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