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Fast and stable K-ion storage enabled by synergistic interlayer and pore-structure engineering

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Abstract

Carbon-based material has been regarded as one of the most promising electrode materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, the battery performance based on reported porous carbon electrodes is still unsatisfactory, while the in-depth K-ion storage mechanism remains relatively ambiguous. Herein, we propose a facile “in situ self-template bubbling” method for synthesizing interlayer-tuned hierarchically porous carbon with different metallic ions, which delivers superior K-ion storage performance, especially the high reversible capacity (360.6 mAh·g−1@0.05 A·g−1), excellent rate capability (158.6 mAh·g−1@10.0 A·g−1) and ultralong high-rate cycling stability (82.8% capacity retention after 2,000 cycles at 5.0 A·g−1). Theoretical simulation reveals the correlations between interlayer distance and K-ion diffusion kinetics. Experimentally, deliberately designed consecutive cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, ex situ Raman tests, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) method decipher the origin of the excellent rate performance by disentangling the synergistic effect of interlayer and pore-structure engineering. Considering the facile preparation strategy, superior electrochemical performance and insightful mechanism investigations, this work may deepen the fundamental understandings of carbon-based PIBs and related energy storage devices like sodium-ion batteries, aluminum-ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors, and dual-ion batteries.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by School Research Startup Expenses of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) (No. DD29100027), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52002094), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2019A1515110756), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M661276), High-level Talents’ Discipline Construction Fund of Shandong University (No. 31370089963078).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Deping Li, Fengjun Ji, Kaikai Li, Qunhui Yuan, Xingjun Liu & Lijie Ci

  2. Research Center for Carbon Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution & Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China

    Qing Sun, Yamin Zhang, Xinyue Dai & Lijie Ci

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  1. Deping Li
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Li, D., Sun, Q., Zhang, Y. et al. Fast and stable K-ion storage enabled by synergistic interlayer and pore-structure engineering. Nano Res. 14, 4502–4511 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3324-0

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