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Efficient fully blade-coated perovskite solar cells in air with nanometer-thick bathocuproine buffer layer

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Abstract

Fully printed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated in air with all constituent layers, except for electrodes, deposited by the blade coating technique. The PSCs incorporated, for the first time, a nanometer-thick printed bathocuproine (BCP) hole blocking buffer using blade coating and deposited at relative humidity up to 50%. The PSCs with a p-i-n structure (glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/CH3NH3PbI3/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/BCP/Ag) delivered a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.9% on an active area of 0.5 cm2 when measured under standard test conditions. The PSCs with a blade coated BCP delivered performance of 10% and 63% higher (in relative terms) than those incorporating a spin coated BCP or without any BCP film, respectively. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that blade coated films were more homogeneous and acted also as a surface planarizer leading to a reduction of roughness which improved BCP/Ag interface lowering charge recombination. The demonstration of 15% efficient devices with all constituent layers, including nanometer-thick BCP (∼ 10 nm), deposited by blade coating in air, demonstrates a route for industrialization of this technology.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (PETROBRAS) under the project “Research and Development of Perovskite formulations for production of printed photovoltaic cells and modules” for funding. S. C.-H and T. M. B. acknowledge to have received funding from Departamento del Huila’s Scholarship Program No. 677 from Huila, Colombia, the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 763989 APOLO, Lazio Region “Gruppi di Ricerca” under project no. 85-2017-15373 (SIROH) according to L.R. Lazio 13/08, and the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MIUR) through the PRIN2017 BOOSTER (project n.2017YXX8AZ) grant. This publication reflects only the authors’ views and the funding agencies are not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. We thank to Gabriela Amorim for solar cell encapsulation. We thank engineering department at CSEM Brasil for developing the nitrogen blower system. We thank to Centro de Microscopia, Laboratório de Caracterização e de Processamento de Nanomateriais from Federal University of Minas Gerais, for providing the experimental facilities and Prof. Wagner da Nova Mussel for XRD results.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSEM Brasil, Avenida José Cándido da Silveira, 2000, 31035-536, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Sergio Castro-Hermosa, Luana Wouk, Izabela Silva Bicalho, Luiza de Queiroz Corrêa & Diego Bagnis

  2. CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Sergio Castro-Hermosa & Thomas M. Brown

  3. Hydro Engineering and Agricultural Development Research Group (GHIDA), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Surcolombiana, Avenida Pastrana Borrero-Carrera 1, 410001, Neiva, Colombia

    Sergio Castro-Hermosa

  4. Cicci Research srl, via Giordania 227, 58100, Grosseto, Italy

    Bas de Jong & Lucio Cinà

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy

    Bas de Jong

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  1. Sergio Castro-Hermosa
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Correspondence to Sergio Castro-Hermosa or Diego Bagnis.

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Castro-Hermosa, S., Wouk, L., Bicalho, I.S. et al. Efficient fully blade-coated perovskite solar cells in air with nanometer-thick bathocuproine buffer layer. Nano Res. 14, 1034–1042 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3147-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3147-4

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