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High-performance oxygen reduction and evolution carbon catalysis: From mechanistic studies to device integration

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Abstract

The development of high-performance and low-cost oxygen reduction and evolution catalysts that can be easily integrated into existing devices is crucial for the wide deployment of energy storage systems that utilize O2-H2O chemistries, such as regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, we report an NH3-activated N-doped hierarchical carbon (NHC) catalyst synthesized via a scalable route, and demonstrate its device integration. The NHC catalyst exhibited good performance for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as demonstrated by means of electrochemical studies and evaluation when integrated into the oxygen electrode of a regenerative fuel cell. The activities observed for both the ORR and the OER were comparable to those achieved by state-of-the-art Pt and Ir catalysts in alkaline environments. We have further identified the critical role of carbon defects as active sites for electrochemical activity through density functional theory calculations and high-resolution TEM visualization. This work highlights the potential of NHC to replace commercial precious metals in regenerative fuel cells and possibly metal-air batteries for cost-effective storage of intermittent renewable energy.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0008685. We gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Sciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, to the SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis. J. W. D. N. acknowledges funding from Agency of Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore. J. W. F. T. acknowledges support from the Croucher Foundation. Part of this work was performed at the Stanford Nano Shared Facilities (SNSF). K. K. acknowledges support from the Future-Innovative Research Fund (No. 1.160088.01) of Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    John W. F. To, Jia Wei Desmond Ng, Samira Siahrostami, Zhihua Chen, Kara D. Fong, Shucheng Chen, Won-Gyu Bae, Jens K. Nørskov, Thomas F. Jaramillo & Zhenan Bao

  2. Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Jurong Island, 627833, Singapore

    Jia Wei Desmond Ng

  3. Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Ai Leen Koh

  4. Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea

    Yangjin Lee & Kwanpyo Kim

  5. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

    Jiajun He & Jennifer Wilcox

  6. UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea

    Hu Young Jeong

  7. SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Felix Studt & Jens K. Nørskov

  8. Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

    Felix Studt

  9. Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Felix Studt

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  1. John W. F. To
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Correspondence to Felix Studt, Jens K. Nørskov, Thomas F. Jaramillo or Zhenan Bao.

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To, J.W.F., Ng, J.W.D., Siahrostami, S. et al. High-performance oxygen reduction and evolution carbon catalysis: From mechanistic studies to device integration. Nano Res. 10, 1163–1177 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1347-8

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