Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Endovenous Laser Ablation for Varicose Vein Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Varicose veins are among the common problems affecting the quality of life. Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has been introduced as a noninvasive treatment for varicose veins. This study was performed according to the Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) protocol, and the results were reported based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MeSH keywords were searched in several online databases. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I2 index, and the random-effects model. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software version 2. EVLA success, recurrence and recanalization rates were 94.5%, 10.3% and 3.6%, respectively. EVLA complications in the treatment of varicose veins were ecchymosis (41.3%), pain (26.1%), bruising (24.2%), induration (22.7%), edema (8.3%), phlebitis (4.8%), dyspigmentation (4.1%), venous thrombosis (3.7%), thrombophlebitis (3.7%), paresthesia (3.1%), thermal injury (1.8%), hematoma (1.7%), cellulitis (1.4%), bleeding (0.9%), infection (0.9%), nerve injury (0.9%), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (0.6%) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) (0.4%). The success rate of EVLA increased with an increase in wavelength and peaked at 1470 nm (nm). The highest rate of recurrence and recanalization was at 810 nm and 940 nm, and the lowest was at 1470 nm. EVLA is an effective, less invasive and mostly safe treatment with no need to general anesthesia and also minor complications. The follow-up duration and geographical location of studies also provide insight into the differences in success rate, recurrence and recanalization rate of EVLA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable.

References:

  1. Sybrandy JE, Wittens CH (2002) Initial experiences in endovenous treatment of saphenous vein reflux. J Vasc Surg 36(6):1207–1212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Margolisa DJ et al (2002) Venous leg ulcer: incidence and prevalence in the elderly. J Am Acad Dermatol 46(3):381–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Köroglu M et al (2011) Endovenous laser ablation and foam sclerotherapy for varicose veins: does the presence of perforating vein insufficiency affect the treatment outcome? Acta Radiol 52(3):278–284

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Rasmussen LH et al (2007) Randomized trial comparing endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein with high ligation and stripping in patients with varicose veins: short-term results. J Vasc Surg 46(2):308–315

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Weiss RA, Weiss MA (2002) Controlled radiofrequency endovenous occlusion using a unique radiofrequency catheter under duplex guidance to eliminate saphenous varicose vein reflux: a 2-year follow-up. Dermatol Surg 28(1):38–42

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bone C (1999) Tratamiento endoluminal de las varices con laser de diodo. Estudio preliminar. Rev Patol Vasc. pp. 35–46

  7. Proebstle T et al (2003) Infrequent early recanalization of greater saphenous vein after endovenous laser treatment. J Vasc Surg 38(3):511–516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Disselhoff B et al (2009) Randomised comparison of costs and cost-effectiveness of cryostripping and endovenous laser ablation for varicose veins: 2-year results. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 37(3):357–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Lattimer C et al (2012) Cost and effectiveness of laser with phlebectomies compared with foam sclerotherapy in superficial venous insufficiency. Early results of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 43(5):594–600

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Tellings S, Ceulen R, Sommer A (2011) Surgery and endovenous techniques for the treatment of small saphenous varicose veins: a review of the literature. Phlebology 26(5):179–184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bozoglan O et al (2016) Comparison of endovenous laser and radiofrequency ablation in treating varicose veins in the same patient. Vasc Endovasc Surg 50(1):47–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lawaetz M et al (2017) Comparison of endovenous ablation techniques, foam sclerotherapy and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Extended 5-year follow-up of a RCT. J Vasc Surg: Venous Lymphat Disord 5(6):907–908

    Google Scholar 

  13. Stroup DF et al (2000) Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. JAMA 283(15):2008–2012

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Moher D et al (2015) Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev 4(1):1–9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Wells GA et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2000, Oxford

  16. Higgins J (2011) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.1. 0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration. www. cochrane-handbook. org,

  17. Oğuzkurt L (2012) Endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of varicose veins. Diagn Interv Radiol 18(4):417–422

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Van den Bos R et al (2008) Technical review of endovenous laser therapy for varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 35(1):88–95

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Darwood R, Gough M (2009) Endovenous laser treatment for uncomplicated varicose veins. Phlebology 24(1_suppl):50–61

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mundy L et al (2005) Systematic review of endovenous laser treatment for varicose veins. J Br Surg 92(10):1189–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Siribumrungwong B et al (2012) A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing endovenous ablation and surgical intervention in patients with varicose vein. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 44(2):214–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Pan Y et al (2014) Comparison of endovenous laser ablation and high ligation and stripping for varicose vein treatment: a meta-analysis. Phlebology 29(2):109–119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Balint R et al (2016) Which endovenous ablation method does offer a better long-term technical success in the treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein? Rev Vascr 24(6):649–657

    Google Scholar 

  24. Almeida JI, Raines JK (2006) Radiofrequency ablation and laser ablation in the treatment of varicose veins. Ann Vasc Surg 20(4):547–552

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Biemans AA et al (2013) Comparing endovenous laser ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins. J Vasc Surg 58(3):727–34.e1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Disselhoff BC et al (2011) Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation with cryostripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg 98(8):1107–1111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Eissawy M et al. (2015) Endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Medicine 47(1)

  28. Perkowski P et al (2004) Endovenous laser ablation of the saphenous vein for treatment of venous insufficiency and varicose veins: early results from a large single-center experience. J Endovasc Ther 11(2):132–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Satokawa H et al (2010) Comparison of endovenous laser treatment for varicose veins with high ligation using pulse mode and without high ligation using continuous mode and lower energy. Ann Vasc Dis 3(1):46–51

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Huang Y et al (2005) Endovenous laser treatment combined with a surgical strategy for treatment of venous insufficiency in lower extremity: a report of 208 cases. J Vasc Surg 42(3):494–501

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Gibson KD et al (2007) Endovenous laser treatment of the short saphenous vein: efficacy and complications. J Vasc Surg 45(4):795–803

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Park SW et al (2008) Endovenous laser ablation of the incompetent small saphenous vein with a 980-nm diode laser: our experience with 3 years follow-up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36(6):738–742

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Disselhoff BC et al (2008) Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation of the great Saphenous vein with and without ligation of the sapheno-femoral junction: 2-year results. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 36(6):713–718

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hirokawa M et al (2015) Comparison of 1470 nm laser and radial 2ring fiber with 980 nm laser and bare-tip fiber in endovenous laser ablation of saphenous varicose veins: a multicenter, prospective, randomized, non-blind study. Ann Vasc Dis 8(4):282–289

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Beyazal M et al. (2014) Endovenous laser ablation treatment with 980 nm diode laser for saphenous vein insufficiency: 6 months follow up results

  36. Maurins U, Rabe E, Pannier F (2009) Does laser power influence the results of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of incompetent saphenous veins with the 1 470-nm diode laser? A prospective randomized study comparing 15 and 25 W. Int Angiol 28(1):32–37

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Flessenkämper I et al (2016) Endovenous laser ablation with and without high ligation compared to high ligation and stripping for treatment of great saphenous varicose veins: results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial with up to 6 years follow-up. Phlebology 31(1):23–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Sydnor M et al (2017) A randomized prospective long-term (> 1 year) clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation to 980 nm laser ablation of the great saphenous vein. Phlebology 32(6):415–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cavallini A, Marcer D, Ferrari Ruffino S (2018) Endovenous laser treatment of groin and popliteal varicose veins recurrence. Phlebology 33(3):195–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Zafarghandi MR et al (2009) Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in patients with varicose great saphenous vein (GSV) and incompetent saphenofemoral junction (SFJ): an ambulatory single center experience. Vasc Endovasc Surg 43(2):178–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Woźniak W, Mlosek RK, Ciostek P (2016) Complications and failure of endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation procedures in patients with lower extremity varicose veins in a 5-year follow-up. Vasc Endovasc Surg 50(7):475–483

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Altin FH et al (2015) Endovenous laser ablation for saphenous vein insufficiency: Short-and mid-term results of 230 procedures. Vascular 23(1):3–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Vuylsteke M et al (2006) Endovenous laser obliteration for the treatment of primary varicose veins. Phlebology 21(2):80–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Varetto G. et al. (2013) Ultrasound surveillance in endoluminal laser treatment for varicose veins

  45. Pannier F, Rabe E, Maurins U (2009) First results with a new 1470-nm diode laser for endovenous ablation of incompetent saphenous veins. Phlebology 24(1):26–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Rass K et al (2012) Comparable effectiveness of endovenous laser ablation and high ligation with stripping of the great saphenous vein: two-year results of a randomized clinical trial (RELACS study). Arch Dermatol 148(1):49–58

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Venermo M et al (2016) Randomized clinical trial comparing surgery, endovenous laser ablation and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. J Br Surgery 103(11):1438–1444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. van den Bos RR et al (2014) Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus steam ablation (LAST trial) for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg 101(9):1077–1083

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Disselhoff BC, Der Kinderen DJ, Moll FL (2005) Is there recanalization of the great saphenous vein 2 years after endovenous laser treatment? J Endovasc Ther 12(6):731–738

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Disselhoff B et al (2008) Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser with cryostripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Journal of British Surgery 95(10):1232–1238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Min RJ, Khilnani N, Zimmet SE (2003) Endovenous laser treatment of saphenous vein reflux: long-term results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 14(8):991–996

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Golbasi I et al (2015) Endovenous laser with miniphlebectomy for treatment of varicose veins and effect of different levels of laser energy on recanalization A single center experience. Lasers Med Sci 30(1):103–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. 何蓓, et al., (2009) Day surgery varicose vein treatment using endovenous laser. Hong Kong Med J 15(1): p. 39–43

  54. Tan K, Nalachandran S, Chia K (2009) Endovenous laser treatment for varicose veins in Singapore: a single centre experience of 169 patients over two years. Singapore Med J 50(6):591

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Myers K, Fris R, Jolley D (2006) Treatment of varicose veins by endovenous laser therapy: assessment of results by ultrasound surveillance. Med J Aust 185(4):199–202

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Navarro L, Min RJ, Boné C (2001) Endovenous laser: a new minimally invasive method of treatment for varicose veins—preliminary observations using an 810 nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg 27(2):117–122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Kavuturu S, Girishkumar H, Ehrlich F (2006) Endovenous laser ablation of saphenous vein is an effective treatment modality for lower extremity varicose veins. Am Surg 72(8):672–676

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Rasmussen LH et al (2011) Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins. Br J Surg 98(8):1079–1087

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Rasmussen L et al (2013) Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, foam sclerotherapy, and surgical stripping for great saphenous varicose veins with 3-year follow-up. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 1(4):349–356

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Mozafar M et al (2014) Endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein versus high ligation: long-term results. Lasers Med Sci 29(2):765–771

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Mendes-Pinto D et al (2016) Endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein comparing 1920-nm and 1470-nm diode laser. Int Angiol 35(6):599–604

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. ETLİK Ö et al (2013) Endovenous laser ablation for saphenous vein insufficiency: long-term results. Turk J Med Sci 43(3):470–473

    Google Scholar 

  63. Nandhra S et al (2015) A randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus conventional surgery for small saphenous varicose veins. J Vasc Surg 61(3):741–746

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Rasmussen L et al (2013) Randomized clinical trial comparing endovenous laser ablation and stripping of the great saphenous vein with clinical and duplex outcome after 5 years. J Vasc Surg 58(2):421–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Kalteis M et al (2008) High ligation combined with stripping and endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein: early results of a randomized controlled study. J Vasc Surg 47(4):822–829

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Lu X et al (2008) Endovenous ablation with laser for great saphenous vein insufficiency and tributary varices: a retrospective evaluation. J Vasc Surg 48(3):675–679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Christenson JT et al (2010) Prospective randomized trial comparing endovenous laser ablation and surgery for treatment of primary great saphenous varicose veins with a 2-year follow-up. J Vasc Surg 52(5):1234–1241

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Theivacumar N, Gough M (2011) Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) to treat recurrent varicose veins. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 41(5):691–696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Samuel N et al (2013) Randomized clinical trial of endovenous laser ablation versus conventional surgery for small saphenous varicose veins. Ann Surg 257(3):419–426

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Fernández CF, Roizental M, Carvallo J (2008) Combined endovenous laser therapy and microphlebectomy in the treatment of varicose veins: efficacy and complications of a large single-center experience. J Vasc Surg 48(4):947–952

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Myers K, Jolley D (2009) Outcome of endovenous laser therapy for saphenous reflux and varicose veins: medium-term results assessed by ultrasound surveillance. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 37(2):239–245

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Agus G, Mancini S, Magi G (2006) The first 1000 cases of Italian Endovenous-laser Working Group (IEWG). Rationale, and long-term outcomes for the 1999–2003 period. Int Angiol 25(2):209

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Doganci S, Demirkilic U (2010) Comparison of 980 nm laser and bare-tip fibre with 1470 nm laser and radial fibre in the treatment of great saphenous vein varicosities: a prospective randomised clinical trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40(2):254–259

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Huisman L et al (2009) Endovenous laser ablation of the small saphenous vein: prospective analysis of 150 patients, a cohort study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38(2):199–202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Park SJ et al (2008) Endovenous Laser Treatment of the Small Saphenous Vein with a 980-nm Diode Laser: Early Results. Dermatol Surg 34(4):517–524

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Theivacumar N et al (2007) Initial experience in endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of varicose veins due to small saphenous vein reflux. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 33(5):614–618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Proebstle TM et al (2003) Endovenous laser treatment of the lesser saphenous vein with a 940-nm diode laser: early results. Dermatol Surg 29(4):357–361

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Desmyttere J et al (2010) Endovenous laser ablation (980 nm) of the small saphenous vein in a series of 147 limbs with a 3-year follow-up. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 39(1):99–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Desmyttère J et al (2007) Endovenous 980-nm laser treatment of saphenous veins in a series of 500 patients. J Vasc Surg 46(6):1242–1247

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Doganci S, Yildirim V, Demirkilic U (2011) Does puncture site affect the rate of nerve injuries following endovenous laser ablation of the small saphenous veins? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 41(3):400–405

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Min RJ et al (2001) Endovenous laser treatment of the incompetent greater saphenous vein. J Vasc Interv Radiol 12(10):1167–1171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Proebstle T et al (2002) Endovenous treatment of the greater saphenous vein with a 940-nm diode laser: thrombotic occlusion after endoluminal thermal damage by laser-generated steam bubbles. J Vasc Surg 35(4):729–736

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Proebstle TM et al (2004) Nonocclusion and early reopening of the great saphenous vein after endovenous laser treatment is fluence dependent. Dermatol Surg 30(2):174–178

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Sharif M et al (2006) Endovenous laser treatment for long saphenous vein incompetence. J Br Surg 93(7):831–835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Gerard J et al (2002) Feasibility of ambulatory endovenous laser for the treatment of greater saphenous varicose veins: one-month outcome in a series of 20 outpatients. J Mal Vasc 27(4):222–225

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Sadick NS, Wasser S (2004) Combined endovascular laser with ambulatory phlebectomy for the treatment of superficial venous incompetence: a 2-year perspective. J Cosmet Laser Ther 6(1):44–49

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Timperman PE (2005) Prospective evaluation of higher energy great saphenous vein endovenous laser treatment. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16(6):791–794

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Puggioni A et al (2005) Endovenous laser therapy and radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein: analysis of early efficacy and complications. J Vasc Surg 42(3):488–493

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Elmore FA, Lackey D (2008) Effectiveness of endovenous laser treatment in eliminating superficial venous reflux. Phlebology 23(1):21–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Van den Bremer J et al (2009) Implementation of endovenous laser ablation for varicose veins in a large community hospital: the first 400 procedures. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 37(4):486–491

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Kontothanassis D et al (2009) Endovenous laser treatment of the small saphenous vein. J Vasc Surg 49(4):973-979. e1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Knipp BS et al (2008) Endovenous laser ablation: venous outcomes and thrombotic complications are independent of the presence of deep venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 48(6):1538–1545

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Mackenzie R et al (2009) Introducing endovenous laser therapy ablation to a National Health Service vascular surgical unit–the Aberdeen experience. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 38(2):208–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Theivacumar N et al (2008) Factors influencing the effectiveness of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in the treatment of great saphenous vein reflux. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 35(1):119–123

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Gonzalez-Zeh R, Armisen R, Barahona S (2008) Endovenous laser and echo-guided foam ablation in great saphenous vein reflux: one-year follow-up results. J Vasc Surg 48(4):940–946

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Nwaejike N, Srodon P, Kyriakides C (2009) Endovenous laser ablation for short saphenous vein incompetence. Ann Vasc Surg 23(1):39–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Goode S et al (2010) Laser and radiofrequency ablation study (LARA study): a randomised study comparing radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser ablation (810 nm). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 40(2):246–253

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Vuylsteke M et al (2011) Endovenous laser treatment: is there a clinical difference between using a 1500 nm and a 980 nm diode laser? A multicenter randomised clinical trial. Int Angiol 30(4):327

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Samuel N et al (2013) Comparison of 12-w versus 14-w endovenous laser ablation in the treatment of great saphenous varicose veins: 5-year outcomes from a randomized controlled trial. Vasc Endovasc Surg 47(5):346–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Mese B et al (2015) A comparison of 1,470-nm endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of great saphenous veins 10 mm or more in size. Ann Vasc Surg 29(7):1368–1372

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Spreafico G et al (2014) Endovenous laser ablation of great and small saphenous vein incompetence with a 1470-nm laser and radial fiber. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2(4):403–410

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Proebstle TM et al (2005) Endovenous treatment of the great saphenous vein using a 1,320 nm Nd: YAG laser causes fewer side effects than using a 940 nm diode laser. Dermatol Surg 31(12):1678–1684

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Associate Professor of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

    Mohammad Karimian

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran

    Samira Tardeh & Zeinab Tardeh

Authors
  1. Mohammad Karimian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Samira Tardeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zeinab Tardeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zeinab Tardeh.

Ethics declarations

Ethics Approval

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of Interest

No potential conflicts of interest are disclosed.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 7734 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Karimian, M., Tardeh, S. & Tardeh, Z. Endovenous Laser Ablation for Varicose Vein Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian J Surg 85 (Suppl 1), 44–60 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-022-03441-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-022-03441-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation