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Clinical Utility of Stem Cells in Congenital Anomalies: New Horizons in Pediatric Surgery

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Congenital anomalies account for more than one-third of all pediatric hospital admissions annually. The defect in most cases is absence of normal functioning tissue or dysfunctional tissue. Cure in such cases often requires excision of dysfunctional tissue and replacement by healthy functioning tissue. Such tissues, however, are seldom available. Using the regenerative potential of multipotent stem cells which have the ability to self-renew, differentiate into specialized tissue, and protect healthy tissues against ischemia and inflammation-induced injury represents a lucrative option available to the pediatric surgeons for the management of such cases. Actual clinical use, however, has been limited by stem cell availability and lack of required expertise for their optimal usage. Pediatric surgeons are best-positioned for optimal utilization of stem cells for congenital anomalies, and in this article, the author has reviewed the latest research on stem cell usage in difficult to treat pediatric surgical diseases and its future implications.

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Data Availability

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Abbreviations

AF-iPS:

Amniotic fluid-derived induced pluripotent stem

AF-ESC:

Amniotic fluid-derived embryonal pluripotent stem

AF-MSC:

Amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cell

AF-NSC:

Amniotic fluid derived-neural stem cell

BPD:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

CDH:

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

ENSSCs:

Enteric nervous system stem cells

hESC:

Human embryonic stem cell

iPS:

Induced pluripotent stem

MMC:

Myelomeningocele

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NEC:

Necrotizing enterocolitis

NLBs:

Neurosphere-like bodies

U-SC:

Umbilical stem cell

P-SC:

Placental stem cell

TRASCET:

Trans-amniotic stem cell therapy

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Acknowledgments

I acknowledge to my teacher Prof Shiv Narayan Kureel, Department of Pediatric Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India for constant encouragement and knowledge.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hospital building, Gate-4, B block, 1st Floor, Tatibandh. G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh (C. G.), 492099, India

    Sunita Singh, Abhimanyu Varshney & Nitin Borkar

  2. Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh (C. G.), 492099, India

    Atul Jindal

  3. Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh (C. G.), 492099, India

    Phalguni Padhi

  4. Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Utterakhand, 249201, India

    Intezar Ahmed

  5. Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh (C. G.), 492099, India

    Niraj Srivastava

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  1. Sunita Singh
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to analytic framing and writing the review.

 

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Correspondence to Sunita Singh.

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Singh, S., Varshney, A., Borkar, N. et al. Clinical Utility of Stem Cells in Congenital Anomalies: New Horizons in Pediatric Surgery. Indian J Surg 82, 1219–1228 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-020-02264-1

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