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Iron Reduction Along an Inundation Gradient in a Tidal Sedge (Cyperus malaccensis) Marsh: the Rates, Pathways, and Contributions to Anaerobic Organic Matter Mineralization

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Abstract

Incubation experiments were adopted to characterize the rates and pathways of iron reduction and the contributions to anaerobic organic matter mineralization in the upper 0–5 cm of sediments along a landscape-scale inundation gradient in tidal marsh sediments in the Min River Estuary, Southeast China. Similar sediment characteristics, single-species vegetation, varied biomass and bioturbation, distinct porewater pH, redox potential, and electrical conductivity values have resulted in a unique ecogeochemical zonation along the inundation gradient. Decreases in solid-phase Fe(III) and increases in nonsulfidic Fe(II) and iron sulfide were observed in a seaward direction. Porewater Fe2+ was only detected in the upland area. High rates of iron reduction were observed in incubation jars, with significant accumulations of nonsulfidic Fe(II), moderate accumulations of iron sulfides, and negligible accumulations of porewater Fe2+. Most of the iron reduction was microbially mediated rather than coupled to reduced sulfides. Microbial iron reduction accounted for 20–89 % of the anaerobic organic matter mineralization along the inundation gradient. The rate and dominance of microbial iron reduction generally decreased in a seaward direction. The contributions of microbial iron reduction to anaerobic organic matter mineralization depended on the concentrations of bioavailable Fe(III), the spatial distribution of which was significantly related to tidal inundation. Our results clearly showed that microbial iron reduction in the upper sediments along the gradient is highly dependent on spatial scales controlled primarily by tidal inundation.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Mrs Hong for the POC and PON analyses, Mr Zhang for the field and laboratory analyses, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which helped improve the manuscript. We thank LetPub and American Journal Experts for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41501252) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Fuzhou University (XRC-1521).

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  1. School of Environment and Resource, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China

    Min Luo, Kai Chen & Feng-Qin Liu

  2. School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Shangsan Street #8, Fuzhou City, 350007, Fujian Province, China

    Min Luo, Cong-Sheng Zeng, Chuan Tong & Jia-Fang Huang

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Luo, M., Zeng, CS., Tong, C. et al. Iron Reduction Along an Inundation Gradient in a Tidal Sedge (Cyperus malaccensis) Marsh: the Rates, Pathways, and Contributions to Anaerobic Organic Matter Mineralization. Estuaries and Coasts 39, 1679–1693 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0094-0

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