Abstract
‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease (ZC). Late season Lso-infected potatoes that are known to be asymptomatic at harvest may continue to develop symptoms by the time of shipment to consumers. This study observed symptom development, Lso titer changes, and changes in symptom-associated phenolic compounds in Lso-infected yet asymptomatic tubers placed at different holding temperatures. ZC symptoms present in freshly-sliced tubers were more severe in ‘Red La Soda’ or ‘Russet Norkotah’ tubers held at 3 °C than at 6 °C or 9 °C. However, Lso titers showed considerable variability in both cultivars over time and at these holding temperatures. Phenolic compound levels, known to be associated with ZC symptom severity, in tubers kept at 3 °C were greater than those kept at 6 °C or 9 °C and increased over time. These results demonstrate that ZC could develop in tubers kept in cold storage, with those kept at 3 °C having more ZC development than those kept at 6 °C or 9 °C.
Resumen
'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum' (Lso) es el probable agente causal de la enfermedad de la papa rayada o zebra chip (ZC). Se sabe que las papas que se infectan con Lso tarde en el ciclo son asintomáticas a la cosecha y pueden continuar desarrollando síntomas hasta cuando se envían a los consumidores. En este estudio se observó el desarrollo de los síntomas, cambios en el contenido de Lso, y cambios en los compuestos fenólicos asociados a los síntomas en tubérculos infectados pero asintomáticos colocados a diferentes temperaturas constantes. Los síntomas de ZC presentes en tubérculos rebanados en fresco fueron más severos en tubérculos de “Red La Soda” o “Russet Norkotah” mantenidos a 3 °C que a 6 °C o 9 °C. No obstante, los contenidos de Lso mostraron considerable variabilidad en ambas variedades a lo largo del tiempo y a esas temperaturas constantes. Los niveles de compuestos fenólicos, que se sabe que están asociados con la severidad del síntoma, en tubérculos mantenidos a 3 °C fueron mayores que los que estuvieron a 6 °C o 9 °C, y aumentaron en el tiempo. Estos resultados demuestran que ZC puede desarrollarse en tubérculos mantenidos en almacenamiento en frío, con los que se mantuvieron a 3 °C teniendo más desarrollo de ZC que los que estuvieron a 6 °C o 9 °C.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Nancy Goodell, Austin Fite, Julie Pedraza, and Noemi Fonseca for their technical assistance in this project. Funding was kindly provided by the zebra chip mini-grant program under an USDA-Special Crop Research Initiative grant (#2009-51181-20176). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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Wallis, C.M., Rashed, A., Workneh, F. et al. Effects of Holding Temperatures on the Development of Zebra Chip Symptoms, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ Titers, and Phenolic Levels in ‘Red La Soda’ and ‘Russet Norkotah’ Tubers. Am. J. Potato Res. 94, 334–341 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9569-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-017-9569-1