Abstract
The availability and use of crop protectants including azoxystrobin in combination with fumigation has extended the Central Wisconsin effective growing season by 2 to 4 weeks. This study, evaluating the influence of these crop protection practices on the optimum nitrogen rate and time of application for Russet Burbank potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), was established as two 3-year field trials designed as split-split plot experiments. Both experiments used metam sodium as the main plots and fungicide treatment (chlorothalonil Zn alone or chlorothalonil Zn alternated with azoxystrobin for the first six sprays) as the first split. In-season fertilizer N rate (179, 224, 269, or 313 kg N ha−1) or in-season N timing (N split into two, three, or four applications at 269 kg N ha−1) was the second split. Not fumigating resulted in significantly higher verticillium ratings and severely repressed crop yield and tuber quality responses to both fungicide treatment and N rate. On average, fumigation increased total yield 13.6 Mg ha−1yr−1, U.S. No. 1 tubers by 9 % and U.S. No. 1 tubers >170 g by 5 % over where fumigation was not used. In 2 of the 3 years when azoxystrobin was included in the fungicide program early blight severity was reduced by about 50 %, and on fumigated areas yields were increased 4.8 Mg ha−1, whereas no yield increase was seen from this fungicide treatment on the non-fumigated plots. In these same years, fumigation increased optimum N rate by about 50 kg ha−1; however, there was no apparent interaction with fungicide treatment. Although fumigation, fungicide treatment, and time of N application each influenced tuber yield or tuber quality in some years, in the two more responsive years some interactions between these factors were statistically significant, with benefits generally only seen where plots were fumigated.
Resumen
La disponibilidad y uso de protectores del cultivo, incluyendo azoxistrobina en combinación con fumigación, ha extendido efectivamente el ciclo de cultivo por 2 a 4 semanas en el centro de Wisconsin. Este estudio, evaluando la influencia de estas prácticas de protección del cultivo en el nivel óptimo de nitrógeno y tiempo de aplicación para la papa Russet Burbank (Solanum tuberosum L.), se estableció como dos ensayos de campo de tres años diseñados como experimentos de parcelas subdivididas. En ambos experimentos se usó metam-sodio como la parcela principal, y el tratamiento con el fungicida (clorotalonil-Zn solo o clorotalonil-Zn alternado con azoxistrobina en las primeras seis aspersiones) como la primera división. En el ciclo el nivel de fertilización nitrogenada (179, 224, 269, o 313 kg N ha-1), o tiempos de aplicación (el N dividido en dos, tres o cuatro aplicaciones de 269 kg N ha-1) como la segunda división. La no fumigación dio como resultado niveles significativamente altos de Verticillium y rendimiento del cultivo severamente disminuido, así como en las respuestas en la calidad de tubérculo a ambos tratamientos de fungicida y de nivel de N. En promedio, la fumigación aumentó el rendimiento total 13.6 Mg ha-1 año 1, tubérculos US 1 en 9 %, y tubérculos US 1 > 170 g en 5 % sobre aquellos en donde no se usó fumigación. En dos de los tres años, cuando se incluyó azoxistrobina en el programa de fungicidas, la severidad del tizón temprano se redujo en carca del 50 %, y en las áreas fumigadas los rendimientos aumentaron 4.8 Mg ha-1, mientras que no se observó aumento en el rendimiento de este tratamiento de fungicida en los lotes no fumigados. En estos mismos años, la fumigación aumentó el nivel óptimo de N en cerca de 50 kg ha-1; no obstante, no hubo interacción aparente con el tratamiento del fungicida. Aun cuando la fumigación, el tratamiento con fungicida, y el tiempo de aplicación del N cada uno influenció el rendimiento y la calidad de tubérculo en algunos años, en los dos años de mayor respuesta, algunas de las interacciones entre estos factores fueron estadísticamente significativas, con beneficios generalmente observados solamente donde se fumigaron los lotes.
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Support for portions of this research was provided by the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association Potato Industry Board, the Wisconsin Fertilizer Research Council, and UW College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, and is gratefully acknowledged.
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Kelling, K.A., Stevenson, W.R., Speth, P.E. et al. Interactive Effects of Fumigation and Fungicides on Potato Response to Nitrogen Rate or Timing. Am. J. Potato Res. 93, 533–542 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-016-9532-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-016-9532-6