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Interactive effects of fungicide programs and nitrogen management on potato yield and quality

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Abstract

The use of azoxystrobin (Quadris) for early blight control often results in potato vines remaining greener later in the growing season. This observation has lead to the suggestion that nitrogen (N) fertilizer could be applied at lower rates when azoxystrobin is used in a fungicide program since high N rates are sometimes used to help manage early blight. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of azoxystrobin for control of early blight under various N fertility management regimes and to determine if azoxystrobin affected plant N fertilizer requirements. Plots were established in 1999 and 2000 at Becker, MN, on a Hubbard loamy sand as a complete factorial, split-plot arrangement using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fungicide treatments were used as the whole plot factor and included an untreated control, chlorothalonil, and azoxystrobin rotated with chlorothalonil. Fertility treatments were used as the sub-plot factor and included N applied at three levels (170, 250, and 340 kg ha−1) and two timings (all prehilling or pre- and post-hilling). Early blight was problematic in 1999 and both early and late blight were severe in 2000. Significant interactions were observed between fungicide and fertility treatments for disease control. Control of diseases with fungicides was generally more effective at higher N rates regardless of N application timing. When azoxystrobin was used in the fungicide program, N rate was not as critical in managing foliar disease. In 1999, an interaction was not observed between N rate and fungicide treatment for yield. Yields increased with increasing N rate regardless of fungicide program. However, a significant interaction did occur between N rate and fungicide treatment in 2000 where yields decreased linearly in the control with increasing N rate, increased linearly with N rate using chlorothalonil, and did not respond significantly to N rate using azoxystrobin/chlorothalonil. Results of this study indicate that interactions between the incidence of early/late blight disease and N requirement for potato may depend on the rate of vine death and conditions affecting tuber maturity. At equivalent N rates, post-hilling N tended to depress yield regardless of fungicide program, suggesting that under the conditions of this study late season N is not an effective practice for managing foliar diseases such as early or late blight.

Resumen

El uso de azoxystrobin (Quadris) para el control del tizón temprano, a menudo da como resultado que las plantas permanezcan verdes por más tiempo. Esto sugiere que se podría aplicar fertilizante nitrogenado en dosis bajas cuando se usa azoxystrobin en un programa de fertilización, puesto que a veces se utiliza el N para controlar tizón temprano. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la efectividad de azoxystrobin para el control de tizón temprano bajo diferentes regímenes de manejo de fertilización y para determinar si es que azoxystrobin afecta los requerimientos de fertilización de la planta. Se establecieron parcelas en 1999 y 2000 en Becker, MN, con suelos areno arcillosos en un arreglo factorial de parcelas divididas, usando un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Las parcelas mayores se usaro para los tratamientos con los fungicidas clorotalonil y azoxystrobin en rotación con clorotalonil incluyendo el testigo sin tratar. Las subparcelas se usaron para los tratamientos de fertilización se e incluyeron la aplicación de N a tres niveles (170, 250 y 340 K /ha−1) y en dos fechas (todo antes del aporque y antes y después del aporque). El tizón temprano fue un problema en 1999 y ambos tizones temprano y tardío fueron severos en el 2000. Se observaron interacciones significativas entre el fungicida y los tratamientos para controlar la enfermedad. El control de las enfermedades con fungicidas ha sido generalmente más efectivo a dosis mayores de N sin tomar en cuenta el momento de aplicación. Cuando se usó azoxystrobin en el programa de fungicidas la dosis de N no fue tan critica en el manejo de la enfermedad foliar. En 1999 no se observó interacción sobre el rendimiento entre la dosis de N y el tratamiento con fungicidas. Los rendimientos se incrementaron con una mayor dosis de N prescindiendo del programa de fungicidas. Sin embargo, en el 2000 hubo una significativa interacción entre la cantidad de N y el tratamiento con fungicida, donde los rendimientos disminuyeron linealmente en el testigo con el aumento de la cantidad de N; aumentaron linealmente con la cantidad de N cuando se usó clorotalonil y no respondió significativamente a la cantidad de N con el uso de azoxystrobin y clorotalonil. Los resultados de este estudio indican que las interacciones entre la incidencia tizón temprano/tardío y los requerimientos de N de la papa pueden depender de la tasa de muerte del follaje la planta y de las condiciones que afectan la madurez del tubérculo. A tasas equivalentes de N, la aplicación de N después del aporque tendió a reducir el rendimiento prescindiendo del programa de fungicida, sugiriendo que bajo las condiciones de este estudio, la aplicación de N hacia fines del período de cultivo no es una práctica efectiva para el manejo de enfermedades foliares tales como los tizones temprano y tardío.

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Correspondence to J. S. Miller.

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Miller, J.S., Rosen, C.J. Interactive effects of fungicide programs and nitrogen management on potato yield and quality. Am. J. Pot Res 82, 399–409 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02871970

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