Abstract
Chlorpropham (CIPC) is a highly effective potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) sprout inhibitor. Some export regulations require CIPC or other sprout inhibitor to be applied to potatoes as a general phytosanitary measure. In addition, due to trucking and temporary storage issues, seed potatoes may be inadvertently exposed to CIPC. The objective of this 2-year study was to document the effects of several low rates of CIPC application or contamination on emergence, yield, and grade of the subsequent crop. CIPC was sprayed on whole ‘Russet Burbank’ seed tubers at rates of 0, 1.3, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 ppm CIPC. Seed tubers were cut, planted and grown under typical commercial practices for Idaho. Low rates of CIPC (1.3 and 2.5 ppm) applied to tubers resulted in significant delays in emergence compared to the untreated control. Some plants failed to emerge from seed treated with 5 or 10 ppm CIPC. CIPC treatment resulted in total yield decreases of 26 % (2.5 ppm CIPC) to 78 % (10 ppm CIPC) in 2009 and 36 % (1.3 ppm CIPC) to 94 % (10 ppm CIPC) in 2010 compared to the untreated controls in each respective year. Harvested tuber size profile was significantly altered by CIPC applications with higher rates producing smaller potatoes. These dramatic reductions in yield reinforce the importance of avoiding all potential for CIPC contamination of seed. The study also documents the severe consequences of planting commercial potatoes exported for consumption that have been treated with CIPC.
Resumen
Chlorpropam (CIPC) es un inhibidor de la brotación altamente efectivo en papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). Algunas regulaciones para exportación requieren que se aplique CIPC u otro inhibidor del brote a las papas como medida general fitosanitaria. Además, debido a asuntos de transporte y de almacenamiento temporal, las semillas de papa pudieran exponerse inadvertidamente al CIPC. El objetivo de este estudio de dos años fue documentar los efectos de aplicación de bajos niveles de CIPC o de contaminación sobre la emergencia, el rendimiento y calidad del cultivo subsecuente. Se asperjó CIPC en tubérculo-semilla completo de “Russet Burbank” a niveles de 0, 1.3, 2.5, 5.0 y 10.0 ppm. Se cortaron las semillas, se plantaron, y se cultivaron bajo las prácticas comerciales típicas para Idaho. Los bajos niveles de CIPC (1.3 y 2.5 ppm) aplicados a los tubérculos dieron como resultado retrasos significativos en la emergencia en comparación con los testigos sin tratar. Algunas plantas no emergieron de la semilla tratada con 5 o 10 ppm de CIPC. Los tratamientos con el producto tuvieron disminuciones totales de rendimiento de 26 % (2.5 ppm) a 78 % (10 ppm) en 2009, y 36 % (1.3 ppm) a 94 % (10 ppm) en 2010 en comparación con los testigos sin tratamiento en cada año respectivo. El perfil del tamaño de tubérculo cosechado se alteró significativamente por las aplicaciones de CIPC con niveles más altos de producción de papas más pequeñas. Estas reducciones dramáticas en el rendimiento refuerzan la importancia de evitar cualquier contaminación potencial por CIPC en la semilla. El estudio también documenta las consecuencias severas de plantar papas comerciales exportadas para consumo que han sido tratadas con CIPC.
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Funding for this research project was provided, in part, by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and the Idaho Potato Commission.
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Frazier, M.J., Olsen, N.L. The Effects of Chlorpropham Exposure on Field-Grown Potatoes. Am. J. Potato Res. 92, 32–37 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-014-9408-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-014-9408-6