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Untapped rich microbiota of mangroves of Pakistan: diversity and community compositions

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Abstract

The mangrove ecosystem is the world’s fourth most productive ecosystem in terms of service value and offering rich biological resources. Microorganisms play vital roles in these ecological processes, thus researching the mangroves-microbiota is crucial for a deeper comprehension of mangroves dynamics. Amplicon sequencing that targeted V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was employed to profile the microbial diversities and community compositions of 19 soil samples, which were collected from the rhizosphere of 3 plant species (i.e., Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora mucronata) in the mangrove forests of Lasbela coast, Pakistan. A total of 67 bacterial phyla were observed from three mangroves species, and these taxa were classified into 188 classes, 453 orders, 759 families, and 1327 genera. We found that Proteobacteria (34.9–38.4%) and Desulfobacteria (7.6–10.0%) were the dominant phyla followed by Chloroflexi (6.6–7.3%), Gemmatimonadota (5.4–6.8%), Bacteroidota (4.3–5.5%), Planctomycetota (4.4–4.9%) and Acidobacteriota (2.7–3.4%), Actinobacteriota (2.5–3.3%), and Crenarchaeota (2.5–3.3%). After considering the distribution of taxonomic groups, we prescribe that the distinctions in bacterial community composition and diversity are ascribed to the changes in physicochemical attributes of the soil samples (i.e., electrical conductivity (ECe), pH, total organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (P), and extractable potassium (CaCO3). The findings of this study indicated a high-level species diversity in Pakistani mangroves. The outcomes may also aid in the development of effective conservation policies for mangrove ecosystems, which have been hotspots for anthropogenic impacts in Pakistan. To our knowledge, this is the first microbial research from a Pakistani mangrove forest.

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Data availability

The collected reads were deposited in GenBank under Bio Project accession number PRJNA817083 and BioSample accession numbers SAMN26747204–SAMN26747222 (in total 19 samples).

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Funding

The work is supported in part under Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, regional coordinated Innovation Project and Shanghai Cooperation Organization Science and Technology Partnership Program China (No. 2021E01018) and Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science andEngineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) (Nos. 311021004, 311021006). The research was also supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative (Grant No.2020VBA0020). WJL was also supported by the Introduction project of high-level talents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Culture Collection of Pakistan (NCCP), Land Resources Research Institute (LRRI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad 45500, Pakistan

    Rabia Bushra, Iftikhar Ahmed & Ahmad Ali

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

    Rabia Bushra & Bushra Uzair

  3. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People’s Republic of China

    Jia-Ling Li, Zhenghan Lian, Shuai Li & Wen‑Jun Li

  4. Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan

    Arshia Amin

  5. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Chakwal, Pakistan

    Muhammad Ehsan

  6. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People’s Republic of China

    Yong-Hong Liu & Wen‑Jun Li

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  1. Rabia Bushra
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Contributions

RB, IA, and BU contributed to conception and design of the study. RB collected samples. ME performed physicochemical analysis of soil samples. RB, AAl, SL, ZL, and JL performed the experiments. RB, SL, JL, and IA organized the database. RB, AAl, SL, ZL, JL, and AAm contributed to the statistical data analysis and finalizing the figures. RB, AAl, AAm, and IA wrote the first draft of the manuscript. AAm, AAl, JL, and YHL wrote sections of the manuscript. IA and WJL managed funds for research and supervised the experiments. All the authors contributed to manuscript revision, read, and approved the submitted version.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Iftikhar Ahmed or Wen‑Jun Li.

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It is to state that all the authors agreed to the contents of the manuscript and agreed that we (Iftikhar Ahmed and Wen-Jun Li) would act as corresponding authors for the publication. It is also declared that there is no conflict of interest with anyone, and we do not have choice for any editor and /or reviewer to be included or excluded for reviewing this manuscript.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Bushra, R., Ahmed, I., Li, JL. et al. Untapped rich microbiota of mangroves of Pakistan: diversity and community compositions. Folia Microbiol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-023-01095-3

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