Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA transcription is characterised by large, sustained changes in core temperature during heat acclimation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Cell Stress and Chaperones Aims and scope

Abstract

Increased intracellular heat shock protein-72 (Hsp72) and heat shock protein-90α (Hsp90α) have been implicated as important components of acquired thermotolerance, providing cytoprotection during stress. This experiment determined the physiological responses characterising increases in Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA on the first and tenth day of 90-min heat acclimation (in 40.2 °C, 41.0 % relative humidity (RH)) or equivalent normothermic training (in 20 °C, 29 % RH). Pearson’s product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression were performed to determine relationships between physiological [e.g. (Trec, sweat rate (SR) and heart rate (HR)] and training variables (exercise duration, exercise intensity, work done), and the leukocyte Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA responses via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) (n = 15). Significant (p < 0.05) correlations existed between increased Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA (r = 0.879). Increased core temperature was the most important criteria for gene transcription with ΔTrec (r = 0.714), SR (r = 0.709), Trecfinal45 (r = 0.682), area under the curve where Trec ≥ 38.5 °C (AUC38.5 °C; r = 0.678), peak Trec (r = 0.661), duration Trec ≥ 38.5 °C (r = 0.650) and ΔHR (r = 0.511) each demonstrating a significant (p < 0.05) correlation with the increase in Hsp72 mRNA. The Trec AUC38.5 °C (r = 0.729), ΔTrec (r = 0.691), peak Trec (r = 0.680), Trecfinal45 (r = 0.678), SR (r = 0.660), duration Trec ≥ 38.5 °C (r = 0.629), the rate of change in Trec (r = 0.600) and ΔHR (r = 0.531) were the strongest correlate with the increase in Hsp90α mRNA. Multiple regression improved the model for Hsp90α mRNA only, when Trec AUC38.5 °C and SR were combined. Training variables showed insignificant (p > 0.05) weak (r < 0.300) relationships with Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA. Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA correlates were comparable on the first and tenth day. When transcription of the related Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA is important, protocols should rapidly induce large, prolonged changes in core temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amorim FT, Fonseca IT, Machado-Moreira CA, Magalhães FC (2015) Insights into the role of heat shock proteins 72 to whole-body heat acclimation in humans. Temperature 2:499–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amorim FT, Yamada PM, Robergs RA, Schneider SM, Moseley PL (2008) The effect of the rate of heat storage on serum heat shock protein 72 in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 104:965–972

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anckar J, Sistonen L (2011) Regulation of HSF1 function in the heat stress response: implications in aging and disease. Annu Rev Biochem 80:1089–1115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asea A (2003) Chaperokine-induced signal transduction pathways. Exerc Immunol Rev 9:25–33

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Atamaniuk J, Stuhlmeier KM, Vidotto C, Tschan H, Dossenbach-Glaninger A, Mueller MM (2008) Effects of ultra-marathon on circulating DNA and mRNA expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in mononuclear cells. Eur J Appl Physiol 104:711–717

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce CR, Carey AL, Hawley JA, Febbraio MA (2003) Intramuscular heat shock protein 72 and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA are reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence that insulin resistance is associated with a disturbed antioxidant defense mechanism. Diabetes 52:2338–2345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne C, Lee JKW, Chew SAN, Lim CL, Tan EYM (2006) Continuous thermoregulatory responses to mass-participation distance running in heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc 38:803–810

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter MR, Mcginn R, Barrera-Ramirez J, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP (2014) Impairments in local heat loss in type 1 diabetes during exercise in the heat. Med Sci Sport Exerc 46:2224–2233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chomczynski P, Sacchi N (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 162:156–159

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Connolly PH, Caiozzo VJ, Zaldivar F, Nemet D, Larson J, Hung S-P, Heck JD, Hatfield GW, Cooper DM (2004) Effects of exercise on gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Appl Physiol 97:1461–1469

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis SL, Wilson TE, White AT, Frohman EM (2010) Thermoregulation in multiple sclerosis. J Appl Physiol 109:1531–1537

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dokladny K, Zuhl MN, Moseley PL (2016) Intestinal epithelial barrier function and tight junction proteins with heat and exercise. J Appl Physiol 120:692–701

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan RF (2005) Inhibition of Hsp90 function delays and impairs recovery from heat shock. FEBS J 272:5244–5256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Erekat N, Al-Khatib A, Al-Jarrah M (2014) Heat shock protein 90 is a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating skeletal muscle abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease. Neural Regen Res 9:616–621

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Erlejman AG, Lagadari M, Toneatto J, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD (2014) Regulatory role of the 90-kDa-heat-shock protein (Hsp90) and associated factors on gene expression. Biochim Biophys Acta 1839:71–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Febbraio MA, Koukoulas I (2000) HSP72 gene expression progressively increases in human skeletal muscle during prolonged, exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol 89:1055–1060

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Febbraio MA, Steensberg A, Walsh R, Koukoulas I, van Hall G, Saltin B, Pedersen BK (2002) Reduced glycogen availability is associated with an elevation in HSP72 in contracting human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 538:911–917

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fehrenbach E, Niess AM, Schlotz E, Passek F, Dickhuth HH, Northoff H (2000) Transcriptional and translational regulation of heat shock proteins in leukocytes of endurance runners. J Appl Physiol 89:704–710

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fehrenbach E, Niess AM, Veith R, Dickhuth HH, Northoff H (2001) Changes of HSP72-expression in leukocytes are associated with adaptation to exercise under conditions of high environmental temperature. J Leukoc Biol 69:747–754

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fehrenbach E, Veith R, Schmid M, Dickhuth H-H, Northoff H, Niess AM (2003) Inverse response of leukocyte heat shock proteins and DNA damage to exercise and heat. Free Radic Res 37:975–982

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett AT, Goosens NG, Rehrer NJ, Patterson MJ, Harrison J, Sammut I, Cotter JD (2014) Short-term heat acclimation is effective and may be enhanced rather than impaired by dehydration. Am J Hum Biol 26:311–320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson OR, Dennis A, Parfitt T, Taylor L, Watt PW, Maxwell NS (2014) Extracellular Hsp72 concentration relates to a minimum endogenous criteria during acute exercise-heat exposure. Cell Stress Chaperones 19:389–400

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson OR, Mee JA, Taylor L, Tuttle JA, Watt PW, Maxwell NS, Taylor L, Watt PW, Maxwell NS (2015a) Isothermic and fixed-intensity heat acclimation methods elicit equal increases in Hsp72 mRNA. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25:259–268

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson OR, Mee JA, Tuttle JA, Taylor L, Watt PW, Maxwell NS (2015b) Isothermic and fixed intensity heat acclimation methods induce similar heat adaptation following short and long-term timescales. J Therm Biol 49-50:55–65

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gibson OR, Turner G, Tuttle JA, Taylor L, Watt PW, Maxwell NS (2015c) Heat acclimation attenuates physiological strain and the HSP72, but not HSP90α, mRNA response to acute normobaric hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 119:889–899

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giraldo E, Multhoff G, Ortega E (2010) Noradrenaline increases the expression and release of Hsp72 by human neutrophils. Brain Behav Immun 24:672–677

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupte AA, Bomhoff GL, Touchberry CD, Geiger PC (2011) Acute heat treatment improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in aged skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 110:451–457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henstridge DC, Bruce CR, Drew BG, Tory K, Kolonics A, Estevez E, Chung J, Watson N, Gardner T, Lee-Young RS, Connor T, Watt MJ, Carpenter K, Hargreaves M, McGee SL, Hevener AL, Febbraio MA (2014a) Activating HSP72 in rodent skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial number and oxidative capacity and decreases insulin resistance. Diabetes 63:1881–1894

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Henstridge DC, Febbraio MA, Hargreaves M (2016) Heat shock proteins and exercise adaptations. Our knowledge thus far and the road still ahead. J Appl Physiol 120:683–691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henstridge DC, Whitham M, Febbraio MA (2014b) Chaperoning to the metabolic party: the emerging therapeutic role of heat-shock proteins in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 3:781–793

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman AR, Vince RV, Taylor L, McNaughton L, Mitchell N, Siegler J (2011) Exercise-induced dehydration with and without environmental heat stress results in increased oxidative stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 36:698–706

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hom LL, Lee EC-H, Apicella JM, Wallace SD, Emmanuel H, Klau JF, Poh PYS, Marzano S, Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Maresh CM (2012) Eleven days of moderate exercise and heat exposure induces acclimation without significant HSP70 and apoptosis responses of lymphocytes in college-aged males. Cell Stress Chaperones 17:29–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hooper PL, Balogh G, Rivas E, Kavanagh K, Vigh L (2014) The importance of the cellular stress response in the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Cell Stress Chaperones 19:447–464

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M (2014) Heat acclimation, epigenetics, and cytoprotection memory. Compr Physiol 4:199–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horowitz M (2016) Epigenetics and cytoprotection with heat acclimation. J Appl Physiol 120:702–710

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard RW, Bowers WD, Matthew WT, Curtis FC, Criss RE, Sheldon GM, Ratteree JW (1977) Rat model of acute heatstroke mortality. J Appl Physiol 42:809–816

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kampinga HH, Hageman J, Vos MJ, Kubota H, Tanguay RM, Bruford EA, Cheetham ME, Chen B, Hightower LE (2009) Guidelines for the nomenclature of the human heat shock proteins. Cell Stress Chaperones 14:105–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenny GP, Sigal RJ, McGinn R (2016) Body temperature regulation in diabetes. Temperature 3:119–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khassaf M, Child RB, McArdle A, Brodie DA, Esanu C, Jackson MJ (2001) Time course of responses of human skeletal muscle to oxidative stress induced by nondamaging exercise. J Appl Physiol 90:1031–1035

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krause M, Heck TG, Bittencourt A, Scomazzon SP, Newsholme P, Curi R, Homem De Bittencourt PI (2015a) The chaperone balance hypothesis: the importance of the extracellular to intracellular HSP70 ratio to inflammation-driven type 2 diabetes, the effect of exercise, and the implications for clinical management. Mediat Inflamm 249205:12

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause M, Ludwig MS, Heck TG, Takahashi HK (2015b) Heat shock proteins and heat therapy for type 2 diabetes: pros and cons. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 18:374–380

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kregel KC (2002) Heat shock proteins: modifying factors in physiological stress responses and acquired thermotolerance. J Appl Physiol 92:2177–2186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuennen M, Gillum T, Dokladny K, Bedrick E, Schneider S, Moseley P (2011) Thermotolerance and heat acclimation may share a common mechanism in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301:R524–R533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kurucz I, Morva A, Vaag A, Eriksson K-F, Huang X, Groop L, Koranyi L (2002) Decreased expression of heat shock protein 72 in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes correlates with insulin resistance. Diabetes 51:1102–1109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee BJ, Miller A, James RS, Thake CD (2016) Cross acclimation between heat and hypoxia: heat acclimation improves cellular tolerance and exercise performance in acute normobaric hypoxia. Front Physiol 7:78

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lee EC, Muñoz CX, McDermott BP, Beasley KN, Yamamoto LM, Hom LL, Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Kraemer WJ, Anderson JM, Maresh CM (2015) Extracellular and cellular Hsp72 differ as biomarkers in acute exercise/environmental stress and recovery. Scand J Med Sci Sports

  • Liu Y, Mayr S, Opitz-Gress A, Zeller C, Lormes W, Baur S, Lehmann M, Steinacker JM (1999) Human skeletal muscle HSP70 response to training in highly trained rowers. J Appl Physiol 86:101–104

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Logan-Sprenger HM, Heigenhauser GJF, Jones GL, Spriet LL (2015) The effect of dehydration on muscle metabolism and time trial performance during prolonged cycling in males. Physiol Rep 3

  • Lyashko VN, Vikulova VK, Chernicov VG, Ivanov VI, Ulmasov KA, Zatsepina OG, Evgen’ev MB (1994) Comparison of the heat shock response in ethnically and ecologically different human populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:12492–12495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Magalhães FDC, Amorim FT, Passos RLF, Fonseca MA, Oliveira KPM, Lima MRM, Guimarães JB, Ferreira-Júnior JB, Martini ARP, Lima NRV, Soares DD, Oliveira EM, Rodrigues LOC (2010) Heat and exercise acclimation increases intracellular levels of Hsp72 and inhibits exercise-induced increase in intracellular and plasma Hsp72 in humans. Cell Stress Chaperones 15:885–895

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maloyan A, Horowitz M (2002) Beta-adrenergic signaling and thyroid hormones affect HSP72 expression during heat acclimation. J Appl Physiol 93:107–115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall HC, Campbell SA, Roberts CW, Nimmo MA (2007) Human physiological and heat shock protein 72 adaptations during the initial phase of humid-heat acclimation. J Therm Biol 32:341–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maughan RJ, Otani H, Watson P (2012) Influence of relative humidity on prolonged exercise capacity in a warm environment. Eur J Appl Physiol 112:2313–2321

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClung JP, Hasday JD, He J-RR, Montain SJ, Cheuvront SN, Sawka MN, Singh IS (2008) Exercise-heat acclimation in humans alters baseline levels and ex vivo heat inducibility of HSP72 and HSP90 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 294:R185–R191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mestre-Alfaro A, Ferrer MD, Banquells M, Riera J, Drobnic F, Sureda A, Tur JA, Pons A (2012) Body temperature modulates the antioxidant and acute immune responses to exercise. Free Radic Res 46:799–808

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr M, Nybo L, Grantham J, Racinais S (2012) Physiological responses and physical performance during football in the heat. PLoS One 7:e39202

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moran DS, Eli-Berchoer L, Heled Y, Mendel L, Schocina M, Horowitz M (2006) Heat intolerance: does gene transcription contribute? J Appl Physiol 100:1370–1376

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morton JP, Holloway K, Woods P, Cable NT, Burniston J, Evans L, Kayani AC, McArdle A (2009) Exercise training-induced gender-specific heat shock protein adaptations in human skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 39:230–233

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morton JP, Maclaren DPM, Cable NT, Campbell IT, Evans L, Bongers T, Griffiths RD, Kayani AC, McArdle A, Drust B (2007) Elevated core and muscle temperature to levels comparable to exercise do not increase heat shock protein content of skeletal muscle of physically active men. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 190:319–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moseley PL (2000) Exercise, stress, and the immune conversation. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 28:128–132

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moseley PL (1997) Heat shock proteins and heat adaptation of the whole organism. J Appl Physiol 83:1413–1417

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noble EG, Shen GX (2012) Impact of exercise and metabolic disorders on heat shock proteins and vascular inflammation. Autoimmune Dis 2012:836519

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega E (2003) Neuroendocrine mediators in the modulation of phagocytosis by exercise: physiological implications. Exerc Immunol Rev 9:70–93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peart D, McNaughton L, Midgley A (2011) Pre-exercise alkalosis attenuates the heat shock protein 72 response to a single-bout of anaerobic exercise. J Sci 14:435–440

    Google Scholar 

  • Périard JD, Ruell P, Caillaud C, Thompson MW (2012) Plasma Hsp72 (HSPA1A) and Hsp27 (HSPB1) expression under heat stress: influence of exercise intensity. Cell Stress Chaperones 17:375–383

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Périard JD, Ruell PA, Thompson MW, Caillaud C (2015) Moderate- and high-intensity exhaustive exercise in the heat induce a similar increase in monocyte Hsp72. Cell Stress Chaperones 20:1037–1042

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Price MJ (2006) Thermoregulation during exercise in individuals with spinal cord injuries. Sports Med 36:863–879

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Racinais S, Alonso JM, Coutts AJ, Flouris AD, Girard O, González-Alonso J, Hausswirth C, Jay O, Lee JKW, Mitchell N, Nassis GP, Nybo L, Pluim BM, Roelands B, Sawka MN, Wingo JE, Périard JD (2015) Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat. Scand J Med Sci Sports 25:6–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romberg A, Ikonen A, Ruutiainen J, Virtanen A, Hämäläinen P (2012) The effects of heat stress on physical functioning in persons with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 319:42–46

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruell PA, Simar D, Périard JD, Best S, Caillaud C, Thompson MW (2014) Plasma and lymphocyte Hsp72 responses to exercise in athletes with prior exertional heat illness. Amino Acids 46:1491–1499

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER, Maughan RJ, Montain SJ, Stachenfeld NS (2007) American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:377–390

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sawka MN, Latzka WA, Montain SJ, Cadarette BS, Kolka MA, Kraning KK 2nd, Gonzalez RR (2001) Physiologic tolerance to uncompensable heat: intermittent exercise, field vs laboratory. Med Sci Sport Exerc 33:422–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selkirk GA, McLellan TM, Wright HE, Rhind SG (2009) Expression of intracellular cytokines, HSP72, and apoptosis in monocyte subsets during exertional heat stress in trained and untrained individuals. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296:R575–R586

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin Y-O, Oh J-K, Sohn H-S, Bae J-S, Lee M-Y, Lee J-B, Yang H-M, Min Y-K, Song H-Y, Ko K-K, Matsumoto T (2004) Expression of exercise-induced HSP70 in long-distance runner’s leukocytes. J Therm Biol 29:769–774

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silver JT, Noble EG (2012) Regulation of survival gene hsp70. Cell Stress Chaperones 17:1–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonna LA, Hawkins L, Lissauer ME, Maldeis P, Towns M, Johnson SB, Moore R, Singh IS, Cowan MJ, Hasday JD (2010) Core temperature correlates with expression of selected stress and immunomodulatory genes in febrile patients with sepsis and noninfectious SIRS. Cell Stress Chaperones 15:55–66

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stary CM, Hogan MC (2016) Cytosolic calcium transients are a determinant of contraction-induced HSP72 transcription in single skeletal muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01060.2015

    Google Scholar 

  • Stary CM, Walsh BJ, Knapp AE, Brafman D, Hogan MC (2008) Elevation in heat shock protein 72 mRNA following contractions in isolated single skeletal muscle fibers. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R642–R648

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Subbarao Sreedhar A, Kalmár É, Csermely P, Shen Y-F (2004) Hsp90 isoforms: functions, expression and clinical importance. FEBS Lett 562:11–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sureda A, Tauler P, Aguiló A, Cases N, Fuentespina E, Córdova A, Tur JA, Pons A (2005) Relation between oxidative stress markers and antioxidant endogenous defences during exhaustive exercise. Free Radic Res 39:1317–1324

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taipale M, Jarosz DF, Lindquist S (2010) HSP90 at the hub of protein homeostasis: emerging mechanistic insights. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11:515–528

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor HL, Buskirk E, Henschel A (1955) Maximal oxygen intake as an objective measure of cardio-respiratory performance. J Appl Physiol 8:73–80

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor L, Midgley A, Chrismas B (2010a) The effect of acute hypoxia on heat shock protein 72 expression and oxidative stress in vivo. Eur J Appl Physiol 109:849–855

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor L, Midgley AW, Chrismas B, Hilman AR, Madden LA, Vince RV, McNaughton LR (2011) Daily hypoxia increases basal monocyte HSP72 expression in healthy human subjects. Amino Acids 40:393–401

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor L, Midgley AW, Chrismas B, Madden LA, Vince RV, McNaughton LR (2010b) Daily quadratic trend in basal monocyte expressed HSP72 in healthy human subjects. Amino Acids 38:1483–1488

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor NAS, Cotter JD (2006) Heat adaptation: guidelines for the optimisation of human performance. Int Sport Med J 7:33–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Tintinger GR, Theron AJ, Anderson R, Ker JA (2001) The anti-inflammatory interactions of epinephrine with human neutrophils in vitro are achieved by cyclic AMP-mediated accelerated resequestration of cytosolic calcium. Biochem Pharmacol 61:1319–1328

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle JA, Castle PC, Metcalfe AJ, Midgley AW, Taylor L, Lewis MP (2015) Downhill running and exercise in hot environments increase leukocyte Hsp 72 (HSPA1A) and Hsp90α (HSPC1) gene transcripts. J Appl Physiol 118:996–1005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vihervaara A, Sistonen L (2014) HSF1 at a glance. J Cell Sci 127:261–266

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins AM, Cheek DJ, Harvey AE, Goodwin JD, Blair KE, Mitchell JB (2007) Heat shock protein (HSP-72) levels in skeletal muscle following work in heat. Aviat Sp Environ Med 78:901–905

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitham M, Laing SJ, Jackson A, Maassen N, Walsh NP (2007) Effect of exercise with and without a thermal clamp on the plasma heat shock protein 72 response. J Appl Physiol 103:1251–1256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (CHPER), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK

    Oliver R. Gibson

  2. Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), Environmental Extremes Laboratory, Welkin Human Performance Laboratories, University of Brighton, Denton Road, Eastbourne, UK

    Oliver R. Gibson, Peter W. Watt & Neil S. Maxwell

  3. Muscle Cellular and Molecular Physiology (MCMP) and Applied Sport and Exercise Science (ASEP) Research Groups, Institute of Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK

    James A. Tuttle

  4. Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre, ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar

    Lee Taylor

  5. School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK

    Lee Taylor

Authors
  1. Oliver R. Gibson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. James A. Tuttle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peter W. Watt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Neil S. Maxwell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lee Taylor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oliver R. Gibson.

Ethics declarations

All protocols, procedures and methods were approved by the institutional ethics committee. Participants completed medical questionnaires and written informed consent following the principles outlined by the Declaration of Helsinki as revised in 2013 prior to commencing any preliminary or experimental sessions.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gibson, O.R., Tuttle, J.A., Watt, P.W. et al. Hsp72 and Hsp90α mRNA transcription is characterised by large, sustained changes in core temperature during heat acclimation. Cell Stress and Chaperones 21, 1021–1035 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-016-0726-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-016-0726-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation