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Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Walnut Kernel and Its Pellicle by Ultra-high-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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Abstract

The extraction and quantitative determination of phenolic compounds (including phenolic acids, flavones, flavanols, alkaloid, tannins, procyanidins, and naphthoquinone) from the walnut kernel and its pellicle were performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Effective parameters on the tandem MS conditions, chromatographic conditions, and extraction solvents were evaluated and optimized. Under optimum condition, limits of detection and linearity were 0.000565–33.3 μg/g and 10–1000 ng/mL with r-values > 0.9952, respectively. The relative standard deviation from extraction recovery was from 74.27 ± 2.81% to 109.52 ± 4.33%, with precision values of < 15%. The proposed method was applied for simultaneous extraction and determination of phenolic compounds not only in the walnut kernel and its pellicle, but also in other tree nuts.

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Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding supports from Fundamental Research Funds of CAF (CAFYBB2019QD002 and CAFYBB2017QC002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042, China

    Danyu Shen, Zhendong Zhao & Liangwu Bi

  2. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China

    Danyu Shen, Shutian Wu, Fubin Tang & Yihua Liu

  3. Testing Center for Food Safety of Fuyang District of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China

    Xinyue Yuan & Liuwei Liao

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  1. Danyu Shen
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Correspondence to Liangwu Bi or Yihua Liu.

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Shen, D., Yuan, X., Zhao, Z. et al. Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Walnut Kernel and Its Pellicle by Ultra-high-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal. Methods 14, 2408–2419 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-021-02069-2

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