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Determination Geographical Origin and Flavonoids Content of Goji Berry Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

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Abstract

The feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics as tools to analyze Chinese Goji berry samples from four different topographical regions was investigated. Firstly, a consumer panel was asked to rate sensory attributes of the samples on a nine-point hedonic scale. Secondly, NIR original spectra of Goji berries in the wavelength range of 10,000–4000/cm were acquired. Least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) was firstly performed to calibrate the discrimination model to identify the geographical origins of the Goji berries, and the accuracy of correct identification was more than 96.67 %. Compared with artificial neural network (ANN) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) approach, LS-SVM algorithm showed excellent generalization for identification results. Thirdly, as total flavonoid content (TFC) is highly related with the quality of the Goji berry, synergy interval partial least squares (Si-PLS) was applied to build the TFC prediction model. The determination coefficient for prediction (R p ) of the Si-PLS model was 0.9075, and root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) was 0.376 mg/g. The three regions (4580–4860, 5720–6010, and 6290–6580/cm) selected by Si-PLS corresponded to the absorptions of two aromatic rings in the basic flavonoid structure. This work indicates that NIR spectroscopy combined with LS-SVM and Si-PLS offers significant potential and could be used as a rapid and efficient technique for evaluating the quality of retail Goji berries.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the National Science and technology support program (2015BAD17B04), Chinese 863 Program (Grant Nos. 2011AA108007), Jiangsu Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (BK20130010), New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-11-0986), Specially Appointed Professors by Universities in Jiangsu Province, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61301239), and the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130505). We also wish to thank Dr. M J Holmes who helped us refine the language.

Conflict of Interest

Shen Tingting declares that she has no conflict of interest. Zou Xiaobo declares that he has no conflict of interest. Shi Jiyong declares that he has no conflict of interest. Li Zhihua declares that he has no conflict of interest. Huang Xiaowei declares that he has no conflict of interest. Xu Yiwei declares that he has no conflict of interest. Chen Wu declares that he has no conflict of interest. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China

    Shen Tingting, Zou Xiaobo, Shi Jiyong, Li Zhihua, Huang Xiaowei, Xu Yiwei & Chen Wu

  2. Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China

    Zou Xiaobo

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  1. Shen Tingting
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Correspondence to Zou Xiaobo.

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Tingting, S., Xiaobo, Z., Jiyong, S. et al. Determination Geographical Origin and Flavonoids Content of Goji Berry Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. Food Anal. Methods 9, 68–79 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0175-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-015-0175-x

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