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Conserving Open Natural Pollination Safeguards Jatropha Oil Yield and Oil Quality

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Abstract

The high oil content and suitable fatty acid composition of the seeds are two arguments to promote Jatropha curcas L. as a promising biodiesel crop. For seed yielding crops as J. curcas, it can be expected that successful pollination is a key process affecting oil yield and oil quality. Field experiments were conducted in Zambia to study the effects of different pollination treatments (autonomous autogamy, open natural, open pollen supplemented, self, and cross-pollination) on seed morphology, seed oil content (g), seed oil concentration (%), and oil fatty acid composition of J. curcas in 2- and 5-year-old plantations. For this experiment, 100 inflorescences per plantation were selected. Autonomous autogamy and self-pollination treatments reduced oil yield with 70 and 29 % respectively, compared to open pollination. Cross- and self-pollinations resulted in longer seeds than open pollination but did not affect oil content and concentration. The oil has high unsaturated fatty acid content (80 %) and is composed of nine fatty acids. Pollination treatments had an effect on fatty acid composition of oil from mature trees (5 years old), but had not for 2-year-old trees. The oleic acid content, a determinant fatty acid component for quality biodiesel production was lower for artificial self-pollination (9 % reduction) compared to open pollination. This research demonstrates that overall oil yield and quality are the highest under natural pollination. This shows the importance of safeguarding the quality and effectiveness of open natural pollination. This can be done by enhancing the presence of insects identified as J. curcas pollinators, particularly those pollinators enhancing cross-pollination.

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Acknowledgments

Aklilu Negussie worked on this study with a University of Leuven IRO PhD grant. We thank QUINVITA NV and D1-Oils Plant science Ltd. for logistic support and the lab analyses. We would like to express our appreciation to Ms. Mary Musiwa Chikoye, Lusaka, Zambia for granting us access to her plantation. Special thanks go to Paul Mungwangwa and David Nganga from D1-Oils Plant science Ltd., and to Faith Hatontola, Victoria Bwalya, and Linda Wabo from the University of Zambia for their support to the field work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven University, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven, Belgium

    Aklilu Negussie, Wouter M. J. Achten, Hans A. F. Verboven, Martin Hermy & Bart Muys

  2. Institute for Environmental Management and Land Use Planning (IGEAT), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. Franklin D. Roosevelt 50 CP130/02, 1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Wouter M. J. Achten

  3. Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation Section, KU Leuven University, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 31-2435, Leuven, Belgium

    Raf Aerts

  4. D1 Oils plc, Innovation Centre, Heslington, York, YO10 5DG, UK

    Raymond Sloan

  5. European Forest Institute, Sant Pau world heritage site, Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain

    Bart Muys

  6. Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, 3001, Leuven, Belgium

    Aklilu Negussie & Bart Muys

  7. World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), P.O.Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Aklilu Negussie

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  1. Aklilu Negussie
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  2. Wouter M. J. Achten
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Correspondence to Aklilu Negussie or Bart Muys.

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Negussie, A., Achten, W.M.J., Verboven, H.A.F. et al. Conserving Open Natural Pollination Safeguards Jatropha Oil Yield and Oil Quality. Bioenerg. Res. 8, 340–349 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9518-5

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