Abstract
This study evaluated the construct and concurrent validity and the internal consistency reliability of the long form of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) in a Persian sample. In total, 1069 Iranians (534 men and 495 women) completed the P-TEIQue, and the Persian versions of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale (BEIS-10). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor structure of the P-TEIQue. The scale and its four factors had acceptable to good alpha coefficients. The P-TEIQue and its four factors were significantly correlated with TEIQue-SH, SWLS, SHS, and BEIS-10. Overall, the results support the structure and use of the TEIQue in the Persian context.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aluja, A., Blanch, A., & Petrides, K. V. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Catalan version of the trait emotional intelligence (TEIQue): Comparison between Catalan and English data. Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.098.
Andrei, F., Siegling, A. B., Aloe, A. M., Baldaro, B., & Petrides, K. V. (2016). The incremental validity of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(3), 261–276.
Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D., & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto alexithymia scale—I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38(1), 23–32.
Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: Technical manual. Toronto: Multi- Health Systems Inc.
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4(6), 561–571.
Brown, T. A. (2014). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. London, UK: Guilford Publications.
Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Borgogni, L., & Perugini, M. (1993). The “big five questionnaire”: A new questionnaire to assess the five factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 15(3), 281–288.
Church, T. A., & Burke, P. J. (1994). Exploratory and confirmatory tests of the big five and Tellegen's three- and four-dimensional models. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 93–114.
Cooper, A., & Petrides, K. V. (2010). A psychometric analysis of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire–short form (TEIQue–SF) using item response theory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(5), 449–457.
Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2010.536136.
Davies, K. A., Lane, A. M., Devonport, T. J., & Scott, J. A. (2010). Validity and reliability of a brief emotional intelligence scale (BEIS-10). Journal of Individual Differences, 31(4), 198–208.
Di Fabio, A., Saklofske, D. H., & Tremblay, P. F. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Italian trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (I-TEIQue). Personality and Individual Differences, 96, 198–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.009.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.
Freudenthaler, H. H., & Neubauer, A. C. (2005). Emotional intelligence: The convergent and discriminant validities of intra-and interpersonal emotional abilities. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3), 569–579.
Freudenthaler, H. H., Neubauer, A. C., Gabler, P., Scherl, W. G., & Rindermann, H. (2008). Testing and validating the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue) in a German-speaking sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 673–678.
Gökçen, E., Furnham, A., Mavroveli, S., & Petrides, K. V. (2014). A cross-cultural investigation of trait emotional intelligence in Hong Kong and the UK. Personality and Individual Differences, 65, 30–35.
Gugliandolo, M. C., Costa, S., Cuzzocrea, F., & Larcan, R. (2015). Trait emotional intelligence as mediator between psychological control and behaviour problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 2290–2300.
Hansenne, M., Nélis, D., Feyers, D., Salmon, E., & Majerus, S. (2014). Better neuronal efficiency after emotional competences training: An fMRI study. Psychologica Belgica, 54, 328–349.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53–60.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76–99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.
Jolić-Marjanović, Z., & Altaras-Dimitrijević, A. (2014). Reliability, construct and criterion-related validity of the Serbian adaptation of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue). Psihologija, 47(2), 249–262.
Kaplan, D. (2000). Structural equation modeling: Foundations and extensions. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Kray, L. J., & Thompson, L. (2005). Gender stereotypes and negotiation performance: A review of theory and research. In B. Staw & R. Kramer (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior series (Vol. 26, pp. 103–182). Greenwich: JAI Press.
Laborde, S., Allen, M. S., & Guillén, F. (2016). Construct and concurrent validity of the short- and long-form versions of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 232–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.009.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006824100041.
Martins, A., Ramalho, N., & Morin, E. (2010). A comprehensive meta- analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 554–564.
Martskvishvili, K., Arutinov, L., & Mestvirishvili, M. (2013). A psychometric investigation of the Georgian version of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire. European Journal of Personality Assessment, 29, 84–88.
Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Shove, C., & Whitehead, A. (2008). Validation of the construct of trait emotional intelligence in children. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 17, 516–526.
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In P. Salovey & D. Sluyter (Eds.), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications (pp. 3–31). New York: CA Basic Books.
Mayer, J. D., Caruso, D., & Salovey, P. (1999). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for and intelligence. Intelligence, 27, 267–298.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2002). Mayer–salovey–caruso emotional intelligence test. MSCEIT. User's manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
Mikolajczak, M., Luminet, O., Leroy, C., & Roy, E. (2007). Psychometric properties of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire: Factor structure, reliability, construct, and incremental validity in a French-speaking population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88, 338–353.
Mikolajczak, M., Avalosse, H., Vancorenland, S., Verniest, R., Callens, M., Van Broeck, N., Fantini-Hauwel, C., & Mierop, A. (2015). A nationally representative study of emotional competence and health. Emotion, 15(5), 653–667.
Otto, J. H., Döring-Seipel, E., Grebe, M., & Lantermann, E. D. (2001). Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung der wahrgenommenen emotionalen Intelligenz. Aufmerksamkeit auf, Klarheit und Beeinflussbarkeit von Emotionen. Diagnostica.
Petrides, K. V. (2009). Psychometric properties of the trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (TEIQue). In C. Stough, D. H. Saklofske, & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), Assessing emotional intelligence: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 85–101). New York: Springer.
Petrides, K. V., Frederickson, N., & Furnham, A. (2004). The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00084-9.
Petrides, K. V., Pita, R., & Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. British Journal of Psychology, 98, 273–289.
Petrides, K. V., Hudry, K., Michalaria, G., Swami, V., & Sevdalis, N. (2011). A comparison of the trait emotional intelligence profiles of individuals with and without Asperger syndrome. Autism, 15, 671–682.
Petrides, K. V., Mikolajczak, M., Mavroveli, S., Sanchez-Ruiz, M. J., Furnham, A., & Pérez-González, J. C. (2016). Developments in trait emotional intelligence research. Emotion Review, 8(4), 335–341.
Rolland, J. P., & Mogenet, J. L. (2001). Manuel du système D5D. Paris: ECPA.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211.
Sanchez-Ruiz, M. J., Hernández-Torrano, D., Pérez-González, J. C., Batey, M., & Petrides, K. V. (2011). The relationship between trait emotional intelligence and creativity across different subject domains. Motivation and Emotion, 35, 461–473.
Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983). Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 127–139.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). The self-consciousness scale: A revised version for use with general populations 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(8), 687–699.
Siegling, A. B., Saklofske, D. H., & Petrides, K. V. (2015). Measures of ability and trait emotional intelligence. In G. J. Boyle, D. H. Saklofske, & G. Matthews (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychology constructs (pp. 381–414). San Diego: Elsevier.
Sinclair, H., & Feigenbaum, J. (2012). Trait emotional intelligence and borderline personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 674–679.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Palo Alto, Consulting Psychologists Press). Inc.
Tan, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, W., Wei, D., Qiao, L., Qiu, J., Hitchman, G., & Liu, Y. (2014). The correlation between emotional intelligence and gray matter volume in university students. Brain and Cognition, 91, 100–107.
Thomas, C. L., Cassady, J. C., & Heller, M. L. (2017). The influence of emotional intelligence, cognitive test anxiety, and coping strategies on undergraduate academic performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 55, 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.03.001.
Vernon, P. A., Villani, V. C., Schermer, J. A., & Petrides, K. V. (2008). Phenotypic and genetic associations between the big five and trait emotional intelligence. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 11, 524–530.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070.
Weaving, J., Orgeta, V., Orrell, M., & Petrides, K. V. (2014). Predicting anxiety in carers of people with dementia: The role of trait emotional intelligence. International Psychogeriatrics, 26, 1201–1209.
Wilbraham, S. J., Qualter, P., & Roy, M. P. (2018). Emotional intelligence and cortisol responses: Can laboratory findings be replicated in classrooms and using other EI measures? Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.021.
Zysberg, L., Orenshtein, C., Gimmon, E., & Robinson, R. (2017). Emotional intelligence, personality, stress, and burnout among educators. International Journal of Stress Management, 24(S1), 122–136.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rahimi, M. Psychometric properties of the persian trait emotional intelligence questionnaire (P-TEIQue). Curr Psychol 40, 2778–2785 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00218-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00218-9