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Comparative Analysis Between Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor and Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

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Abstract

Dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma (GCOC) form a spectrum of rare benign and malignant odontogenic neoplasms, respectively. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative systematic review of the clinicopathological, genetic, therapeutic, and prognostic features of DGCT and GCOC. The electronic search was performed until December 2020 on seven electronic databases. Case reports, series, and research studies with enough histopathological criteria for diagnosis and all genomic studies were included. Both DGCT and GCOC showed a male prevalence (p = 0.043), with mandibular and maxillary predilections, respectively (p = 0.008). Peripheral DGCT (DGCTp) affected most elderly people (p < 0.001), and central DGCT (DGCTc) and GCOC occurred mainly in younger individuals. Unilateral enlargement of maxilla or mandible was the most common clinical sign associated with a radiolucent or mixed image. Ameloblastomatous epithelium was often present in both neoplasms. Basaloid and large cells with vesicular nuclei were also frequently seen in GCOC. β-catenin expression and mutations (CTNNB1 gene) were found in DGCT and GCOC. Conservative surgery was mostly used for DGCTp, while radical resection was chosen for DGCTc and GCOC. High recurrence rates were found in DGCTc and GCOC. Metastasis occurred in 16.7% of GCOC cases and the 5-year survival rate was 72.6%. DGCT and GCOC share numerous clinicopathological features and demand a careful histopathological evaluation, considering the overlap features with other odontogenic tumors and the possibility of malignant transformation of DGCT. A strict regular post-operative follow-up is mandatory due to high recurrence rates and metastatic capacity in GCOC.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). The funder had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, decision to publish, or manuscript preparation.

Funding

The authors G.S.V. and P.P.M. receive scholarships Grants from CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Pathology, School of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Gustavo de Souza Vieira, Pâmella de Pinho Montovani & Karin Soares Gonçalves Cunha

  2. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Federal Fluminense University, Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, 4ºandar, sala 01, Centro, Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil

    Rafaela Elvira Rozza-de-Menezes, Karin Soares Gonçalves Cunha & Danielle Castex Conde

Authors
  1. Gustavo de Souza Vieira
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  2. Pâmella de Pinho Montovani
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  3. Rafaela Elvira Rozza-de-Menezes
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  4. Karin Soares Gonçalves Cunha
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  5. Danielle Castex Conde
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Contributions

GSV, DCC, RERM and KSGC conceptualized, wrote and revised the manuscript. GSV and PPM performed the extraction of the systematic review data. DCC and KSGC were the oral pathologists responsible for the support during the diagnostic confirmation of the cases. GSV and RERM conceptualized and performed the statistical analyzes of the systematic review data. All authors had given the final approval of the version to be published.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Danielle Castex Conde.

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de Souza Vieira, G., de Pinho Montovani, P., Rozza-de-Menezes, R.E. et al. Comparative Analysis Between Dentinogenic Ghost Cell Tumor and Ghost Cell Odontogenic Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Head and Neck Pathol 15, 1265–1283 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-021-01347-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-021-01347-z

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