Abstract
Objective
To develop a district model for establishing early detection of childhood disability below 6 y of age and to develop appropriate referral linkages for confirmation of the diagnosis and establish home based early intervention therapy to all needy children.
Methods
Trained Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers conducted the preliminary survey for identifying developmental delay/disability among children below 6 y of age using Trivandrum Developmental Screening Chart (TDSC) (0–6 y) and a team of experts assessed the screen positives in developmental evaluation camps conducted at primary health centres (PHCs).
Results
Community survey was carried out and 1,01,438 children below 6 y of age in Thiruvananthapuram district were screened by ASHA workers and 2,477 (2.45 %) positive cases (TDSC two or more item delay) were identified and these children were called for the developmental evaluation camps conducted at 80 PHCs in the district. Among the 1,329 children who reached the evaluation camps 43.1 % were normal. 24.98 % children had speech and language delay and 22.95 % children had multiple disabilities. Developmental delay was observed among 49.89 % children and cerebral palsy in 8.43 % and intellectual disability 16.85 % were confirmed. Visual impairment in 3.31 % and neuromuscular disorders in 1.35 were found among children evaluated in the camp.
Conclusions
The results of this district wide early detection of disability survey by trained ASHA workers among children below 6 y of age showed a community prevalence of 3.08 % observed, based on two or more item delay in TDSC and among these children, 43.1 % were normal, 49.89 % had developmental delay, 24.98 % had speech and language delay and 22.95 % had multiple disabilities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
WHO and UNICEF. Early childhood development and disability: a discussion paper. URL: http://www.unicef.org/disabilities/files/ECD-and-Disability-WHO-2012.pdf Accessed 03 Mar 2014.
UNESCO Policy Brief on Early Childhood. Inclusion of children with disabilities: the early childhood imperative. 2009. URL: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001831/183156e.pdf Accessed 03 Mar 2014.
Grantham-McGregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B, et al. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369:60–70.
Cunningham RD Jr. Delay in referral to early-intervention services. Pediatrics. 2004;114:896.
Wirz S, Edwards K, Flower J, Yousafzai A. Field testing of the ACCESS materials: a portfolio of materials to assist health workers to identify children with disabilities and offer simple advice to mothers. Int J Rehabil Res. 2005;28:293–302.
Nair MKC, Nair GS, George B, Suma N, Neethu C, Leena ML, et al. Development and validation of Trivandrum Development Screening Chart for children aged 0–6 years [TDSC (0–6)]. Indian J Pediatr. 2013;80:S248–55. doi:10.1007/s12098-013-1144-2.
Nair MKC, Nair GH, Mini AO, Indulekha S, Letha S, Russell PS. Development and validation of language evaluation scale Trivandrum for children aged 0–3 years–LEST (0–3). Indian Pediatr. 2013;50:463–7.
Nair MKC, George B, Padmamohan J, Sunitha RM, Resmi VR, Prasanna GL, et al. Developmental delay and disability among under–5 children in a rural ICDS block. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46:s75–8.
Operational guidelines: RashtriyaBalSwasthyaKaryakram (RBSK), 2013. URL: http://www.unicef.org/india/7._Rastriya_Bal_Swaasthya_karyakaram.pdf Accessed 26 Feb 2014.
Yaqoob M, Ferngren H, Jalil F, Nazir R, Karlberg J. Early child health in Lahore, Pakistan. Acta Paediatr. 1993;390:S151–7.
Zuo QH, Zhang XZ, Li Z, Qian YP, Wu XR, Lin Q, et al. An epidemiological study on mental retardation among children in Chang-Qiao area of Beijing. Chin Med J. 1986;99:9–14.
Murphy CC, Teargin-Allsopp M, Decoufle P, Drews CD. The administrative prevalence of mental retardation in 10 year old children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1985 through 1987. Am J Public Health. 1995;85:319–23.
Davidson LL, Durkin MS, Khan NZ. Studies of children in developing countries. How soon can we prevent neurodisability in childhood? Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2003;95:18–24.
Durkin MS. Institute of Medicine Committee on Nervous System Disorders in Developing Countries, Neurological, Psychiatric and Developmental Disorders: meeting the challenge in the developing world. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation and support received from staff of Child Development Centre, Kerala, specially Dr. G. Suresh Kumar, Registrar; Ms. Deepa NR, PS to Director; Mr. Asokan N, PA to Director; Suja S, Junior Programmer; CDC, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, in conduction of this study.
Conflict of Interest
None.
Source of Funding
This study is supported by Child Development Centre, Thiruvananthapuram.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nair, M.K.C., Harikumaran Nair, G.S., Beena, M. et al. CDC Kerala 16: Early Detection of Developmental Delay/Disability Among Children Below 6 y — A District Model. Indian J Pediatr 81 (Suppl 2), 151–155 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1589-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-014-1589-y