Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development and Validation of Trivandrum Development Screening Chart for Children Aged 0-6 years [TDSC (0-6)]

  • Special Supplement on Adolescent Care Counseling
  • Published:
The Indian Journal of Pediatrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

To develop and validate a simple screening tool for identifying developmental delay among children of 0–6 y of age in the community.

Methods

The 51-items of Trivandrum Development Screening Chart for children of 0–6 y [TDSC (0–6 y)], were carefully prepared from the norms in various existing developmental charts/scales, by experts keeping in mind the face validity and content validity. The criterion validity was assessed in a community sample of 1,183 children of 0–6 y with a mean age of 35.38 mo (SD of 19.25) including 597 (50.46 %) boys and 586 (49.54 %) girls. TDSC (0–6 y) was validated against Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) as the ‘Reference Standard’.

Results

When one item delay in TDSC (0–6 y) was considered as ‘TDSC delay’ (test positive), the sensitivity and specificity of TDSC (0–6 y) was found to be 84.62 % (95 % CI: 71.92–93.12) and 90.8 % (95 % CI: 88.97–92.43) respectively with a Negative Predictive Value of 99.23 % (95 % CI: 98.48–99.67) and LR (negative) of 0.17(95 % CI: 0.09–0.32). The test-retest and inter-rater reliability [an interclass correlation (ICC) of 0.77 for test-retest and ICC of 0.97 for inter-rater] were good and acceptable.

Conclusions

TDSC (0–6 y) is a simple, reliable and valid screening tool for use in the community to identify children between 0 and 6 y with developmental delay, enabling early intervention practices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nair MKC, Radhakrishnan SR. Early childhood development in deprived urban settlements. Indian Pediatr. 2004;41:227–37.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kaur P, Chavan BS, Lata S, Kaur A, Tinku S, Arora Y, et al. Early intervention in developmental delay. Indian J Pediatr. 2006;73:405–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Mathur GP, Mathur S, Singh YD, Kushwaha KP, Lele SN. Detection and prevention of childhood disability with the help of Anganwadi workers. Indian Pediatr. 1995;32:773–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nair MKC, George B, Padma K, Potti N, Elizabeth KE, Jeyaseelan L. Developmental evaluation clinic—CDC experience. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46:S63–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Nair MKC, George B, Padmamohan J, Sunitha RM, Resmi VR, Prasanna GL, et al. Developmental delay and disability among under—5 children in a rural ICDS block. Indian Pediatr. 2009;46:S75–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Pandey H. Impact of preschool education component in Integrated Child Development Services programme on the cognitive development of children. J Trop Pediatr. 1991;37:235–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nair MKC, George B, Philip E, Lekshmi MA, Haran JC, Sathy N. Trivandrum developmental screening chart. Indian Pediatr. 1991;28:869–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Phatak P. Mental and motor growth of Indian babies (1 month-30 months) final report. Baroda: Department of Child Development, MSUB; 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Phatak P. Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants. Pune: Anand Agencies; 1998.

  10. Caribbean Institute on Mental Retardation and Other Developmental Disabilities. Jamaica Portage Guide to Early Education. Jamaica West Indies: Caribbean Institute; 1976.

  11. Nair MKC, George B. Child hood disabilities-early detection and early intervention of developmental delay. In: Parthasarathy A, Nair MKC, Menon PSN, eds. IAP Text of Pediatrics. Vol. 2. 4th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2009. pp. 1063–71.

  12. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventive Health Care. Chapter 26 “Preschool Screening for Developmental Problems”. Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada; 1994.

  13. Frankenburg WK, Dobbs JB. The Denver developmental screening test. J Pediatr. 1967;71:181–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Frankenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P, Shapiro H, Bresnick B. The Denver II: A major revision and restandardization of the Denver developmental screening test. Pediatrics. 1992;89:91–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Greer S, Bauchner H, Zuckerman B. The Denver developmental screening test: How good is its predictive validity? Dev Med Child Neurol. 1989;31:774–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Glascoe FP, Byrne KE, Ashford LG, Johnson KL, Chang B, Strickland B. Accuracy of the Denver-II in developmental screening. Pediatrics. 1992;89:1221–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Borowitz KC, Glascoe FP. Sensitivity of the Denver developmental screening test in speech and language screening. Pediatrics. 1986;78:1075–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge parents of children who participated in the study, Supervisors and Anganwadi workers concerned. They are also grateful to Dr. G. Suresh Kumar, Registrar and Ms. Deepa N.R, PS to Director, CDC, Thiruvananthapuram for their support during the study period. They thank, Mr. Asokan. N, PA to Director and Ms. Suja S, Junior Programmer, CDC for their support. They also thank Dr. Abhiram Chandran, Dr. Princly Pappachan, Mr. Vinod. S.S, Ms. Bincymol. K, Ms. Vineethakumari. S for their help as team members of the study project. They are also thankful the Mission Director NRHM, Kerala.

Conflict of Interest

None.

Role of Funding Source

National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), Kerala and Child Development Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Child Development Centre, Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 011, Kerala, South India

    M. K. C. Nair, Babu George, N. Suma, C. Neethu & M. L. Leena

  2. Clinical Epidemiology Resource and Training Centre & Radiology Department, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, South India

    G. S. Harikumaran Nair

  3. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, South India

    Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell

Authors
  1. M. K. C. Nair
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. S. Harikumaran Nair
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Babu George
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. Suma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. C. Neethu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. L. Leena
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar Russell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. K. C. Nair.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nair, M.K.C., Nair, G.S.H., George, B. et al. Development and Validation of Trivandrum Development Screening Chart for Children Aged 0-6 years [TDSC (0-6)]. Indian J Pediatr 80 (Suppl 2), 248–255 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1144-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-013-1144-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation