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High expression level of interleukin-1β is correlated with poor prognosis and PD-1 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

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Abstract

Purpose

Cytokines are vital pro-inflammatory factors and involved in tumor immune infiltration, and immune infiltration is closely related to PD-1/PD-L1 blockades immunotherapy. This study aims to explore the associations between cytokines and prognosis and also PD-1/PD-L1 expression in early lung adenocarcinoma, which is seldom reported.

Methods

324 early lung adenocarcinoma patients with prior surgical resection were included and the associations between overall survival time and clinical factors and also cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were analyzed by multivariate cox regression and Kaplan–Meier curve (log-rank test). Resected tumor samples were randomly obtained to detect the PD-1/PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry, and Chi square test was used for relations between cytokines and PD-1/PD-L1 expression.

Results

In this study group, 26.2% patients showed a high level of IL-1β and patients with high IL-1β level showed 19 months shortened mOS than those with normal IL-1 β expression (mOS: 24.00, 95%CI 11.98–36.02 vs 43.00, 95% CI 37.37–48.63, p = 0.017). Among detected samples, the positive rate of PD-1 was 25.0% (13/52), and the positive rate of PD-L1 was 37.3% (19/52). The positive rate of PD-1 was 36.1% higher in high-IL-1 β-level group as compared to normal-IL-1β-level group (50.0% vs 13.9%, p = 0.012). No significant association was found between IL-1 β and PD-L1 expression.

Conclusion

High expression level of IL-1β was correlated with poor prognosis and higher positive rate of PD-1 expression, which gave us insights into biomarkers of survival prediction and immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Further studies were still needed.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Code availability

No code was used in this study.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81572269, No. 81672279), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 17411969100).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    X. Ding, D. Liu, R. Zhang & K. Ai

  2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

    J. Zhang & M. Shi

  3. Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

    L. Zhang

  4. Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China

    B. Su

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  1. X. Ding
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  4. D. Liu
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Contributions

BS and KA designed and coordinated this study. XD analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript, JZ and MS collected the cases and recorded the information, DL and RZ finished the follow-up and analyzed part of the data, LZ was responsible for pathology-related testing. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to B. Su or K. Ai.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This study was conducted under the approval of the appropriate Ethics Committees in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital.

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Written informed consent was obtained for each participant.

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Ding, X., Zhang, J., Shi, M. et al. High expression level of interleukin-1β is correlated with poor prognosis and PD-1 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 23, 35–42 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02392-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-020-02392-w

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