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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Teschoviruses in India: Identification of New Genotypes

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Abstract

Porcine Teschoviruses (PTVs) are ubiquitous enteric viral pathogens that infect pigs and wild boars worldwide. PTVs have been responsible for causing the severe clinical disease (Teschen disease) to asymptomatic infections. However, to date, limited information is available on large-scale epidemiological data and molecular characterization of PTVs in several countries. In this study, we report epidemiological data on PTVs based on screening of 534 porcine fecal samples from different states of India and a RT-PCR based detection of PTVs shows a percent positivity of 8.24% (44/534). The PTV prevalence varied among different regions of the country with the highest detection rates observed in the state of Karnataka (38.1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 gene reveals the presence of PTV genotype 6 and 13 along with some unassigned novel genotypes which did not cluster with any of the established PTV genotypes (PTV 1–PTV 13). Indian PTV 6 strains are genetically closest to the Spanish strains (85.7–94.4%) whereas PTV 13 and novel genotype strains were found to be more similar to the Chinese strains (88.1–99.1%). Using recombination detection software, no Indian PTVs found to be recombinant on VP1 gene and selection pressure analysis revealed the purifying selection in the several sites of the VP1 gene of PTVs. The Bayesian analysis of Indian PTVs shows 1.16 × 10–4 substitution/site/year as the mean evolutionary rate. Further, isolation of the novel PTV strains from India and more detailed investigation much needed to know the evolutionary history of PTV strains circulating in porcine populations in India.

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Data Availability

Data are available from the authors upon reasonable request; sequences are available via GenBank.

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Acknowledgements

We are extremely grateful to the ICAR-Education Division for the financial assistance and staff of the state animal husbandry departments for their constant help with the sampling process and/or data collection. We are thankful to Indian Veterinary Research Institute for facilitating the research project.

Funding

The present study was funded by ICAR-National Fellow project, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122, India

    Sudipta Bhat, Jobin Jose Kattoor, Shubhankar Sircar & Yashpal Singh Malik

  2. Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA

    Jobin Jose Kattoor

  3. Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Shubhankar Sircar

  4. Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122, India

    O. R. VinodhKumar

  5. Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, 243 122, India

    Prasad Thomas

  6. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis

    Souvik Ghosh

  7. College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141001, India

    Yashpal Singh Malik

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  1. Sudipta Bhat
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Contributions

YSM and SG conceptualized and designed the experiments; SB screened the samples; SBJJK and SS, VOR, and PT performed the experiments and designed the figures. SB, YSM written the manuscript; SG edited the manuscript; YSM critically analyzed and finalized the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yashpal Singh Malik.

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Bhat, S., Kattoor, J.J., Sircar, S. et al. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Teschoviruses in India: Identification of New Genotypes. Indian J Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-023-01173-7

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